2024 XMS SEC4EXP Geog Mock Tourism MS

XINMINSECONDARYSCHOOL SEKOLAHMENENGAHXINMINMOCKTOURISMPAPER2024 CANDIDATENAME CLASS 4 0 INDEXNO GEOGRAPHYPaper 1 Setter: MsWanShi Ting Candidatesanswer ontheQuestionPaper.Additional Materials: Insert 2279/01 READTHESEINSTRUCTIONSFIRSTWriteyour name, classandindexnumber onall theworkyouhandin.Writeindarkblueor blackpenonly.YoumayuseanHBpencil for anydiagramsor graphs.Donot usestaples, paper clips, glueor correctionfluid/tape. Answer all questions. TheInsert containsadditional resourcesreferredtointhequestions. Thenumber of marksisgiveninbrackets[ ] at theendof eachquestionor part question. Thisdocument consistsof 7printedpagesand1Insert.

2 1 Tourism (a) Fig. 1.1(Insert) isamapshowinginternational anddomestictourismexpenditureincountries. International anddomestictourismexpenditureincountries Fig.1.1 (i) Identifythecountrywhichreceivesthehighest domestictourist expenditure. [1] Award 1 mark for each appropriate identification of highest domestic tourismexpenditure, toamaximumof 1mark. ● China (i) UsingFig. 1.1, describetheglobal patternof tourist expenditure. [3] Award 1 marks for each appropriate description of the global pattern of touristexpenditureincountries, toamaximumof 3marks.Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation,whereapplicable. TOTAL /25

3 Possibleresponsesinclude: Total tourist expenditures(SIZE): ● [General trend] Global north/Countries in the Northern Hemisphere/ Developedcountriesreceivesthehighest total tourist expenditures. [1mark]● The highest total tourist expenditures are seen in China and USA, with bothreceived approximately 1000 billion USD[1 mark]. However, in China, only 20%of total tourismexpenditure wascontributedbyinternational tourism, ontheotherhand, 35%of total tourismexpenditurewascontributedbyinternational tourisminUnitedStatesof America[1additional mark].● Europe has received moderate amounts of total tourist expenditure of around10– 250 billion USD, with a large proportion of countries in WesternEuropehaving250 million USD tourist expenditure [1 mark]. However, it seems in Europe thatthe higher the total tourist expenditure, the smaller the contribution of it byinternational tourism. For example, for 250 billion USD of total touristexpenditures, share of international tourism which contributed was 20%- 35%.Whereas for total tourist expenditures of 10 – 100 billion USD, 50%to 85%of itwascontributedbyinternational tourists[1additional mark].● Africa receives the lowest total tourist expenditures of lessthan10USD[1mark]of which70%to85%wascontributedbyinternational tourists[1additional mark]. Shareof international tourismintourist expenditures: ● The share of international tourismintourist expendituresishighest (70%-80%) incountries in Central America, MiddleEast andSoutheast Asia. [1mark] However,these regions also contain countries with smaller total tourist expenditure. [1additional mark]● The share of international tourismin tourist expenditures is lowest (20%-35%) incountries likeChina, India, Japan, Australia, most countriesintheAmericas, suchasUSA, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, PeruandChile). [1mark] (ii) Suggest reasonsfor thepatternobservedabove. Award 1 mark for each reason suggested for thetrenddescribedin(a)(i), toamaximumof 3marks.Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation,whereapplicable. Possibleresponsesinclude:● Developed nations and Emerging Economies such as United States of America,Europe, China, Japan, Korea arelargelylocatedinthenorthernhemisphere. Thetourism industry is more likely to be well-developed, with more funds thereforethese locations can offer variety and quality in tourist experiences thereforeattractingtourists[1mark].● Africa largely comprises of Less Developed Countries like Libya, Chad, Sudan,etc where transport andbasicfacilitiesarelacking. Therefore, theselocationsareunlikely to attract tourists as they do not have sufficient facilities and funds tosupport thetourist activities. [1mark].● Most of the tourist expenditures in countries in Africa / Central America are alsofrom international tourists who are most likely interested in niche tourismtherefore they are attracted to lesser well-known, off-the-beaten-trackdestinations that do not offer standard mass tourism amenities and facilities [1mark].

4 (b) Fig. 1.2isaninfographicshowingrecent trendsintourism. Recent trendsintourism Fig. 1.2 (i) WithreferencetoFig. 1.2, explainhowdifferent stakeholderscouldhavecontributedtotherecent trendsintourism. Award1markfor eachexplanationof howdifferent stakeholderscouldhavecontributedtorecent trendsintourism, toamaximumof 3marks.Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation,whereapplicable. Possibleresponsesinclude:● Localscouldhavebeenmoreinvolvedindecision-makingrelatedtotourismwithintheir communityandwouldhaveprovidedtheir homesandbuilt homestaylodgesfor tourists, accountingfor theriseinpreferencefor homestaysandeco-lodges[1mark].● Businessesmorecommittedtodevelopingwellnessandrejuvenationtourisminthearea. Theycouldhavebuilt resortswithwellnessactivitiesandincreasedattemptstoadvertisefor thenewlybuilt resorts[1mark]. Therecent riseintheneedfor relaxationandescapefromurbanlifeintourist motivationscouldhaveledtosuchactionsfrombusinessesasit meansprofitablebusinessventure[1additional mark].● Businessescouldalsohaverelaxedtheir workingrulestoallowfor morework-from-homeworksituationswhichthereforecouldhaveledtoincreasedtourismfromdigital nomads. [1mark]● Governmentscouldalsohavecreatedmorepoliciesongreencommuteandupgradedtheroadstoaccommodatecyclists[1mark].

5 (ii) WithreferencetoFig. 1.2, suggest theimpactsthat ariseduetotherecent trendsintourism. Possibleresponsesinclude: Positiveimpacts:● Theriseinrejuvenationandwellnesspackagescouldhaveledtobetterconservationof natureandbiodiversityasit helpstoprovideadifferent andrelaxingenvironment fromthetouristswhoareseekingfor rest andrelaxationintheir travels[1mark].● Theriseof eco-lodgesandhome-sharingcouldhaveresultedinreducedeconomicleakagesasmoneyfromtouristsweremost likelypaidtolocalbusinessesandlocal employeeswhoruntheselocal businesses[1mark].● Shift towardsgreencommutecouldleadtolesscarbonemissionsfromthetourismindustrytherebyslowingdownclimatechange[1mark].● Moreemployment opportunitiesfor localsaslocalsaremoreinvolvedintourismthroughhomesharing, locallyrunactivitiesandpackages, generatinghigherincome. [1mark] Negative● Inlocal communitieswhererejuvenationandwellnesspackagesareoftensituated, therecouldbecommodificationof culturetomeet theneedsof thetourists[1mark]. For example, cookingclasses, cultural activitiesofferedtothesetouristsmight havebeenwatereddowntomeet durational needs[1additionalmark].● Asmorelocalsareinvolvedinthetourismindustrythroughlocal businesses(homestaysetc), theareacouldbeoverdependent ontourismsuchaseventslikewarsandpandemicswhichdecreasestourismarrivalscanleadtoseveredropinincomefor thesecommunities[1mark].● Increasingnumber of touristscouldalsoindicatemorecultural clashesastouristsmight not besensitivetolocalsnormsandthuscouldbebehavinginamannerthat isdisrespectful tolocals, local culturesandnorms[1mark]. Goodanswers:- ChingYi “Aslongasplacespursuesustainabletourism, theywill not reachastageof decline.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer with the support ofrelevant examples. Level Descriptorsfor 9-markAO3QuestionsLevels Marks Descriptors3 7-9 Develops arguments that support both sides of the discussion clearly,using a range of points with good elaboration. Examples useddemonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the issue orphenomenon. Evaluation is derived from a well-reasoned considerationof thearguments.

6 2 4-6 Develops arguments that support one side of the discussion well, usingone or twopointswithsomeelaboration. Example(s) useddemonstrateagood understanding of the issue or phenomenon. Evaluation is wellsupportedbyarguments.1 1-3 Arguments are unclear with limited d