History ult notes

HistoryUltNotes Chp1:CasestudyofBritishColonialruleinMalaya,1870s-1920s ● Overview○ Reasonforintervention○ Impactsofintervention/Colonisation○ Actors/Actions ReasonsforBritishinterventioninMalaya BritishinterventioninMalayaafter1874wasduetoeconomicreasons● Discoveryoflargetindeposits→ Economicprofitsduetoemergingcanningindustry.● Rivalsecretsocietiesfoughtforcontrolofthetinmines● ThisworsenedwhenclaimantstothethroneinPeraktooksidesintheconflict.● ↓Britishaccesstothetinmines,disruptedtrade.●Thus,theBritishfeltneedtoextendandexercisecontrolovertheMalayPeninsula. →establishpeaceandmaintainorderinMalaya. →steady,undisruptedgrowthofthetinandrubberindustries→economicgrowthinBritain. BritishinterventioninMalayaafter1874wasduetosocialreasons● LarutWars○ TheGheeHinsandtheHaiSans,whocontrolledtheminesintheirrespectiveareasfoughtoveranewGheeHins-discoveredmine. → Instabilityintheregionandreducedaccesstothemines→↓ profit■ Inaddition,claimantstothethroneinPerakweretakingsidestotheLarutWars.→ Worsenedtheconflict○ LocalmerchantsandbusinessmenappealedforBritishinterventioninMalay states ⇾ restorelawandorder■ LarutWarsinterruptedbusinessandtrading,SuccessionDisputeworsenedthis○ Thus,theBritishfelttheneedtosolvetheproblemcausedbytheSuccessionDisputeandLarutWars,allowingforgreateraccesstothetinmines,andreducedunrestamongtheMalayans,andthussmoothbusiness.● SuccessionDispute○ Theineffectivenessoftherotationsystem,whichdeterminedtheSultan,causedthreemainclaimantstofightforthethrone(Nooneruler) → PoliticalinstabilityinMalaya○ PeopleofMalayawereatunrest duetothelackofaleader → Malayacannotfunctionproperly,diminishingthegeographicalandeconomicbenefits whichtheBritishsoughtfromit.○ Thus,theBritishwasspurredtotakeaction,winningthefavouroftheMalayans,duetothemfearinglosingcontroloftheMalayStatesandthereforeitstradelinkswhichhelpsthemmaintaineconomicdominance. BritishinterventioninMalayaafter1874wasduetoPoliticalreasons ● ChangeinBritishcolonialpolicy○ NewgovernmentchangedBritain’sstance■ FreeTrade→ Favouringacquiringterritories1. ↑prestigeviacontrollingoverseasterritories 2.Pre-emptagainstthreatsfromtheotherpowers ● CompetitionfromotherEuropeanpowers○ TheLongDepression → Britainlosteconomicdominancetonewlyindustrialisedcountries(e.g.Germany)○ Threatenedby↓ dominance,wanttocontrolmoreterritories → protecttradelinks,maintaintheirdominance.○ However,otherEuropeancountriesalsowant↑territories

○TheBritishfearedthatiftheydidnotseizetheMalaystate,theotherEuropeancountriesmostlikelywill → threateneconomicinterests.○Atthesametime,MalayrulerswantedBritish’shelptoresolvelocalconflicts○LocalrulersmightturntootherEuropeanpowersiftheydidnotfollowthroughwiththeirrequest. ● HencetheBritishinterveneddueto 1.FearoftheotherEuropeanpowersusurpingitseconomicdominance2.fearthatMalayrulerswouldturnonthemiftheydidnothelpwiththeirlocalconflict3.NewBritishgovernmentwantedtomaintaindominance,getprestigeandprotectagainstthreats ImpactofBritishrule DOMAIN DETAILS(WHATHAPPENED?) IMPACT(WHATCHANGED/RESU