Revised Cambridge 2019 GP P2_Answer Scheme

For internal circulation only Revised Cambridge 2019 Paper 2 Suggested Answer Scheme From passage 1 1. By including the information in brackets in lines 4-5, what is the author implying about Aristotle’s views regarding animals in lines 2-4? [1] From the passage Suggested answer Mk Aristotle, for instance, thought that because animals lacked emotions, reasons and souls, they were clearly inferior to humans and so could be guiltlessly exploited ( significantly, he also thought men innately superior to women, and some humans fit only to be slaves). The author is implying that Aristotle’s views were deeply flawed / highly erroneous by making comparisons to his incorrect/ridiculous views on women and human rights. Note: Context should still be provided as the instruction was to include the information in brackets. 1 2. In lines 10-15, how does the author support her claim that vain rulers used animals to ‘bolster their prestige and show their dominance’? [2] From the passage Pt Suggested answer Mk The author supports her claim by Egyptian pharaohs, European Kings and Eastern potentates all amassed collections of beasts - usually the most charismatic, aggressive or exotic ones (lines 10-11) … as a means for these vain rulers to bolster their prestige and show their dominance not only over their own subjects but also over non-human creatures. (lines 11-13) A1 [Action] bringing up / including the example of rulers accumulating a large number of animals , especially unfamiliar and hostile ones A1+A 2 = 1m A2 [Reason/intention] in order to increase their prominence / reputation in their society and to project their influence/control over people and animals. The worst expression of this was probably when Roman emperors demanded the capture of thousands of animals (line 14) to provide gruesome spectacles in their arenas. (lines 14-15) B1 [Action] In more extreme cases, some rulers insisted on the imprisonment / abduction of countless animals B1+B 2 = 1m B2 [Reason/intention] for the purpose of macabre / gory entertainment.

For internal circulation only 3. According to the author, in which three ways is the effectiveness of the process whereby ‘zoos are accredited and subject to rigorous inspection’ undermined in lines 21-24? Use your own words as far as possible. [3] From the passage Pt Suggested answer Mk The effectiveness was undermined Forcibly removed from their fellows, destroying their social groupings … (line 21) A in the way the acquisition of animals entailed the fracturing of animal communities Any 3 for 3m …animals are uprooted from their chosen habitats (lines 21-22) B by the manner in which a nimals were unwillingly removed from their natural dwellings …subject to arduous transportation . (line 23) C given that t he animals had to endure an extremely stressful journey …confined in unwanted an