2024 ANDSS Prelim Question Paper (with Marking Scheme)

This document consists of 6 printed pages. Setter: Mr Yong Eng Kiat and Ms Angeline Soo O ANDERSON SECONDARY SCHOOL Preliminary Examination 2024 Secondary Four Express CANDIDATE NAME: CLASS: / INDEX NUMBER: HUMANITIES Paper 1 Social Studies 2260/01, 2261/01, 2262/1, 2264/1 19 August 2024 1 hour 45 minutes 0800 - 0945h Additional Materials: Writing paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class and index number on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid/tape. Answer all the questions. Write your answers on the writing paper provided. At the end of the examination, fasten Section A and B separately. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For examiner’s use only: Section A / 35 m Section B / 15 m Total / 50 marks

Prelim 4E Hum: SS 2024 (2260, 2261, 2262, 2264) /1 2 Section A (Source-based Case Study) Answer all questions. Exploring Citizenship and Governance Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 Study Source A. What is the message of this source? Explain using details from the source. [5] 2 Study Sources B and C. How different are these two sources? Explain your answer. [6] 3 Study Source D. How useful is this source as evidence on the challenge to reduce dependence on fossil fuels? Explain your answer. [7] 4 Study Sources E and F. Having read Source E, are you surprised with F? Explain your answer. [7] 5 ‘The government should be responsible for reducing the dependence on fossil fuels.’ Using the sources in this case study, explain how far you would agree with this statement. [10]

Prelim 4E Hum: SS 2024 (2260, 2261, 2262, 2264) /1 3 How challenging is it to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you answer some of the questions. Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine beginning on 24 February 2022, the United States, the European Union and many nations, including Singapore introduced restrictions on Russian fossil fuels like crude oil, coal and natural gas. This led to an energy crisis, leading to concerns by many countries on their dependence on fossil fuels. Many countries have begun to look to alternative means of green energy like solar, wind and nuclear energy. There are also countries like China, India and Turkey who continue to import fossil fuels from Russia, due to their economies’ dependence on them. Study the following sources to consider how challenging it is to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Source A: A cartoon published on a state-owned China media group, 16 November 2022. The European Union official was standing on a podium labelled United Nations Convention on Climate Change (COP 2027).

Prelim 4E Hum: SS 2024 (2260, 2261, 2262, 2264) /1 4 Source B: Adapted from a journal on Switzerland’s energy polices, October 2022. According to the respondents in a survey, the support for policies to reduce fossil fuels strongly increased due to the war in Ukraine – now, 62 per cent support the phase-out of fossil fuels by 2050. There seems to be a particular high support for banning fossil fuel heating already by 2025, also among homeowners. Compared to fossil fuel phase-out policies, the support for policies that aim at accelerating the roll-out of green energy, such as solar and wind, is even higher (79 per cent strong or weak support), due to about a third of the respondents who report an increased level of support since the war. The increased support for renewable energy policies further supports an interpretation of the war where the main problem is fossil fue l dependence, which can be solved by expanding solar and wind power as a replacement. Source C: From an article published by an American University, 16 March 2023. Europe profited greatly from the determined efforts of its citizens and its private sector to reduce energy use. Households turned down thermostats, switched off nonessential lighting, took shorter showers, donned heavier sweaters and wool socks, vacatione d closer to home, and insulated windows and doors, among other energy efficiency measures. Individual motivations varied: many saw no alternative in the face of soaring energy bills and inflated consumer prices; others framed their sacrifice in terms of uniting with the people of Ukraine or as a blessing to climate protection. Whatever the reason, Europeans started the energy-saving actions that efficiency experts have long encouraged — and hope to make permanent. “There was a positive attitude about conserving energy,” says Neuhoff. “People seemed to understand that they have to save gas to prevent the crisis from escalating — and they did.” Source D: From an interview with Piyush Gupta, published in the Straits Times, 14 September 2022. Gupta was the chief executive of the Development Bank of Singapore (DBS), a lending bank based in Singapore. DBS released its decarbonisation targets in the most carbon-intensive sectors it finances, as part of meeting its pledge to be net zero by 2050. “So far, I've been encouraged,” Gupta said. “We've reached out to thousands of clients to make sure that what we're committing to is not unrealistic and that people are aligned to that. People are beginning to recognise that the over-reliance on fossil fuels is a challenge. So without a doubt, if you ask me over a five- to 10-year time period, I think this (energy crisis) is a blessing. People want to reduce the concentration of fossil fuels and it'll accelerate the process.” "But in zero to five years from now, you might see some back -stepping*," he said, pointing to Germany, Britain and others looking to source more coal and gas to bridge the lost gas supplies from Russia, especially ahead of winter. *back-stepping: to pause and take a step back.

Prelim 4E Hum: SS 2024 (2260, 2261, 2262, 2264) /1 5 Source E: From an online report by Yale University based in America, 16 March 2023. But defying the worst of projections, Europe made it through the mild winter with remarkably few casualties — and even with a few big wins to its credit. The effort may have displaced Europe’s climate ambitions by a fraction, with 17 of Europe’s boasted coal plants producing 16 million tons of carbon dioxide in 2022. But thanks to a rec ord rollout of its green energy sources combined with conservation measures, the continent’s emissions footprint actually positioned Europe to remain within reach of its goal to slash emissions by at least 55 per cent in seven years’ time. In a year when world emissions edged upward, Europe is now on track to comfortably outpace its pledge to generate 40 percent of its total energy from green sources by 2030. Source F: From an article published in an American newspaper Bloomberg, 6 April 2022. Europe is taking a gamble as it moves to ban Russian coal, leaving itself exposed to shortages and blackouts while the rest of the world contends with surging prices. Russia is Europe's top supplier of coal for power stations. As the European Union take a harder stance against Russia’s war in Ukraine, the continent has plans to phase out Russian shipments. The problem is