Upper Secondary History Elective 2261 Notes

Done by MF (Completed in 2024) Upper Secondary Elective History– Subject Code: 2261 How to use? - This deck of notes contains the 10 chapters covered for O Levels History Elective paper - Chapter 1-6 contains more in-depth content, whereas chapter 7-10 contains sufficient information for one to score during their examinations. Final Tips - This deck of notes should NOT replace what you learn from your teachers. This can only act as a supplementary to aid your learning. - When in doubt, ALWAYS FOLLOW what your HISTORY TEACHERS say - Spread the word and share the notes J (Sharing is caring guys!) - ALL THE BEST FOR YOUR STUDIES!

Done by MF (Completed in 2024) O Level History Elective Chapter 1 – The Paris Peace Conference and the League of Nations in the 1920s (* = potentially tested) Paris Peace Conference Aims of the Big Three *US: Woodrow Wilson - Believed that the US would restore to civilisation, and that nations should cooperate to achieve world peace. One of the important points in his Fourteen Points was the setting up of an international body called the League of nations. It was a platform for countries to resolve disputes without wars. - Believed that Germany should be punished but not destroyed completely. He wanted to strengthen democracy by replacing older leaders who brought Germany into war. - Believed in self-determination where countries ruled themselves rather than be ruled by others - Britain and France thought that Wilson’s idea of self- determination is one that is naive and impractical. France also believed that US were too soft on Germany. Britain: David Lloyd George - Protect Britain à thus not keen on Wilson’s plan to free the seas - Rebuild Britain’s economic prosperity à tricky because before the war, Germany was Britain’s second-largest trading market - Maintain the British empire à concerned about Wilson’s idea of self-determination as it would result in Britain losing its colonies - Had a long-term concern of Russia. Britain wanted Germany to recover economically to act as a buUer against the rise of communism in Europe because of influence of Russia. France: Georges Clemenceau - SuUered the worst damage during WW1 à Northern France invaded, 1.7 million deaths with many wounded or missing (4% of population died) - Concerned that Germany has a younger and larger population (65 million) than France (40 million) thus Germany could use their manpower for a future war. - France wanted Germany to be broken up into a collection of smaller states by he knows that others will not agree. Thus, he demanded for a treaty that would weaken Germany as much as possible.

Done by MF (Completed in 2024) *Treaty of Versailles - Under Article 231 of the ToV, Germany must accept total blame for starting the war à However many Germans did not feel that they alone started the war - Germany had to pay 6.6 billion pounds as reparations to the Allies for war damage à Germany was already in huge debt from the war and this may ruin