Tourism - 1.2 & 1.3

To u r i s m - 1 . 2 & 1 . 3 1.2 - Reasons that led to the growth of tourism (Tourism Growth) 1. Motivation to travel (want) 2. Ability to travel (can) 1. Motivation to travel (want) a. need for relaxation — increasing pressure of work / hectic lifestyle = travel more to relieve stress — people see travelling as a way to rest & rejuvenate — eg. some seek nature to escape their urban environment / rest / enjoy scenic views + providing a different routine (escape their stress/worries = tourism growth) — eg. use any busy city & chill place (New York - Bali) b. need to achieve personal growth & self-fulfilment — people consider travelling as a way for self-growth & achieve their fullest potential — pick up a new skill — eg. cooking schools in Bali to learn their cuisine/food — develop themselves further - improving existing knowledge — eg. travelling to Mecca - Saudi Arabia, to learn about their faith/religion = grow spiritually — fulfil their potential - feel like they are stretched emotionally & physically = personal growth — eg. skydiving/mountain climbing (challenging/adventurous activities) c. need to discover unique travel experiences — travel to satisfy their curiosity = explore different environments & cultures — places that are not widely known = less travelled to — do special / uncommon activities

— globalisation = vast transport network = remote places > major cities = accessible — eg. Antarctica = increased tourists (they want to satisfy their curiosity) 2. Ability to travel (can) ***WA1 a. increase in disposable incomes ^ disposable income = $ you can spend — after WW2 > economic development > increase in disposable income (@ North America / Western Europe / Japan) > greater spending on travel > current time > rapidly developing countries (China / India) = fast growing middle class > large demand for tourism — eg. China = GDP increase = tourism grew (9m to 154m departures) b. increase in leisure time ^ leisure time = time where people are free from work — increased paid leave > more public holidays > shorter working weeks — eg. 2015 China, encouraged employers to give workers paid leaves = boost domestic tourism c. business innovations in tourism-related industries ^ business innovations = provide value for money experiences — businesses provide affordable travel options — eg. introduced tour packages = brought tourism to the masses d. lower transport costs — international tourism = requires air transport - airplanes (has become increasingly affordable) — using fuel efficient planes = reduce fuel costs = flying to airports (cheaper fees) — eg. budget airlines = popular now = lower prices — ^ travelling is affordable now = increase in tourism e. lower accommodation costs — eg. AirBnB = has range of prices = affordable 1.3 - Development of tourist destination regions over time Stages:

1. Exploration 2. Involvement 3. Development 4. Consolidation 5. Stagnation 6. Decline 7. Rejuvenation a. tourist arrivals b. tourists contribution to local economy c. features of destination 1. Exploration a. small number of tourists > irregular visits b. minimal contributions to local economy c. destinations = natural / cultural attractions & lack of facilities 2. Involvement a. increase in tourist visits = due to more publicity (has peak / non- peak seasons now) b. local economy grows c. destinations = rise in goods & services / facilities (cater to tourists) > amenities managed by local authority 3. Development a. tourist arrivals increase rapidly b. tourism sector = employs many workers = contribute significantly to local economy c. many attractions built > heavy advertising & attracted > tourists attracted = foreign investors (in large/medium businesses) 4. Consolidation a. tourists outnumber local population b. tourism industry = continue to employ many workers (contributes significantly to economy)

c. majority of tourist facilities = owned by large multinational companies 5. Stagnation a. arrivals have peaked = now declining (has exceeded country's carrying capacity = negative effects) b. contributions stagnate c. unattractive destinations > old facilities (has no interesting point/value) 6. Decline a. arrivals decline significantly (if no steps are taken to revive the destination) b. contributions decline significantly c. everything declines = closed local businesses = less $ = facilities deteriorate further > does not occur to every destination 7. Rejuvenation a. destination is attractive again(re-branding of destination) > new investments develop b. contributions increase again c. funding provided to develop area = build more attractive facilities / more advertising