Montfort Sec 6092 Compiled Notes 2025

1 MONTFORT SECONDARY SCHOOL CHEMISTRY 6092 REVISION NOTES 2024 Name: _____________________________________ Class: ______________ CONTENT PAGE No Subject Content Page 1.1 Experimental Design (Chapter 1) 2 1.2 Methods of Purification and Analysis (Chapter 1) 3 2.1 Kinetic Particle Theory (Chapter 2) 6 2.2 Atomic Structure (Chapter 3) 9 3.1 – 3.3 Chemical Bonding (Chapter 4) 11 3.4 Structure and Properties of Materials (Chapter 5) 17 4.1 Formulae and Equation Writing (Chapter 6) 20 4.2 The Mole Concept and Stoichiometry (Chapter 7) 24 5.1 Acids and Bases (Chapter 8) 28 5.2 Salts (Chapter 9) 30 5.3 Ammonia (Chapter 10) 35 6 Qualitative Analysis (Chapter 11) 36 7.1 Oxidation and Reduction (Chapter 12) 38 7.2 Electrochemistry (Chapter 13) 43 8.1 – 8.3 The Periodic Table (Chapter 14) 47 8.4 Reactivity Series (Chapter 15) 49 9 Chemical Energetics (Chapter 16) 53 10 Rate of Reactions (Chapter 17) 55 11.1 Fuels and Crude Oils (Chapter 18) 61 11.2 Hydrocarbons (Chapter 19) 64 11.3 Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids and Esters (Chapter 20) 70 11.4 Polymers (Chapter 21) 73 12 Maintaining Air Quality (Chapter 22) 76

2 1.1 Experimental Design Key Concept I Key Concept II 1. Collection of Gases downward delivery of gas upward delivery of gas displacement of water For • gas denser than air (high density / heavier) For • gas less dense than air (low density / lighter) For • for gases that are insoluble / slightly soluble in water Examples: Chlorine Hydrogen chloride Examples: Ammonia Examples: Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon dioxide 2. Collection of Gases AND Measuring the Volume of Gas Quantity S.I. Unit Apparatus for measurement time second (s) [1h = 60 min] [1 min = 60 s] Electronic stopwatch temperature Kelvin (K) more commonly used - degree Celsius (°C) Laboratory thermometer mass Kilogram (kg) Other units – gram (g) [1 kg = 1000 g] Electronic balance volume Cubic metre (m3) Other units - litre (l), cubic centimetre (cm3) [1 m3 = 1000dm3] [1 dm3 = 1000cm3] liquid Pipette – fixed volumes (eg. 20.0 cm3, 25.0 cm3) Burette – accuracy to 2 d.p. (eg. 24.85 cm3) Measuring cylinder – accuracy to 1 d.p (eg. 20.5 cm3) gas gas syringe

3 1.2 Methods of Purification and analysis Key Concept I Types of Separation Techniques Separation technique Commonly asked questions Filtration 1. Essay type question, where you are given an insoluble solid. 2. You will be expected to draw a labelled diagram. ** Residue : insoluble solid ** Filtrate: liquid Evaporation / Crystallisation 1. Essay type question, where you are required to obtain dry solid from a solid-liquid mixture. 2. You will be expected to draw a labelled diagram. 3. For evaporation, heat to dryness 4. For crystallisation, heat to saturation point / crystallisati