CEDAR 2025 HIST PRELIM P1 QP+MS

CEDAR GIRLS’ SECONDARY SCHOOL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2025 SECONDARY FOUR 1 [Turn Over CANDIDATE NAME CLASS INDEX NUMBER HISTORY 2174/01 Paper 1 Extension of European control in Southeast Asia and challenges to European dominance, 1870s - 1942 21 August 2025 1 hour 50 minutes Additional Materials: Answer Booklet READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class and index number on your question paper and all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all parts of Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. Before the start of the examination, detach the cover sheet at the back of your question paper and staple it on top of the answer booklet provided. Write all answers in this answer booklet and check that all writing sheets are properly fastened. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 6 printed pages and 1 cover sheet.

2 [Turn Over SECTION A: Source-Based Case Study Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates. Study the Background Information and the sources carefully and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1. (a) Study Source A. Why was this political cartoon created in 1933? Explain your answer. [5] (b) Study Source B. How useful is this source as evidence of the lives of children under Nazi Germany? Explain your answer. [5] (c) Study Source C and D. How far does Source D prove Source C wrong about the role of the Gestapo in Germany? Explain your answer. [6] (d) Study Source E and F. How different are Sources E and F about the state of Germany’s economy? Explain your answer. [6] (e) Study all the sources. ‘Hitler relied on creating a climate of fear to maintain control over Nazi Germany.’ How far do the sources support this statement? Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer. [8]

3 [Turn Over How did Hitler maintain control over Nazi Germany? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. After Hitler came into power, he and the Nazi Party sought to establish total control in Germany. This was viewed as necessary to ensure that all in Germany would obey him and follow the government’s policies to strengthen Germany after the humiliation of World War I. His consolidation of power started with the opportunity presented by the Reichstag Fire, which gave him emergency powers to arrest opposition party members such as the communists. This allowed the Nazi Party to win a majority after the Reichstag Elections on 5 March 1933, and paved the way for other laws such as the Enabling Act. Hitler’s control over Germany extended beyond the political realm and involved introducing economic and social changes to extend his control further into the people’s lives. To ensure that people supported his rule and policies, Hitler utilised a range of methods, from propaganda and censorship to the use o f the secret police (Gestapo). Even when Hitler declared war upon Europe, he continued to have the support of majority of the German people. Why was Hitler able to assert such extensive control over Germany? Source A: A cartoon published in Pravda, a Soviet newspaper that is distributed globally to various communist parties, on 17 March 1933. The accompanying caption states, “The meat mincing machine has been put into operation.”

4 [Turn Over Source B: A recount of a Pimpf, a Nazi-run group for boys aged six to ten before they graduate to join Hitler Youth, graduation ceremony by an American who was living in Nazi Germany during the 1930s. At a sharp command, hundreds of youthful heels clicked to attention and the officer -in- charge introduced the guest of honour, a high official from the Hitler Youth. [The guest said] “You boys must be hard, hard as iron; the Führer has demanded it. But above all, you must be ready and willing to give up your lives for the Führer; he has demanded that too. All German boys are eager to become soldiers for Hitler. We will make Germany a force to be reckoned with.” The only applause was a chorus: “Sieg Heil*, Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil”. After the ceremony, all the Pimpfs proceeded to their headquarters to run errands for the party. Weekends are devoted to studying military manoeuvres, using the official Pimpf manual. *Seig Heil translates to “Hail Victory”, which is a victory salute used at Nazi rallies. Source C: An online article describing the role of German citizens in collaboration with the Gestapo, published on a Holocaust remembrance website in 2010. In Nazi Germany, some citizens passed on information about their neighbours, family, and friends to the Gestapo. The act of informing helped to make the Gestapo as an omnipresent, all-knowing and all -seeing group. The information passed on by informants typically accused someone of breaking the law or of being a criminal in some way. The information provided was not always based on fact and could often be rumour or suspicion. Informants reported on various undesirable activities, such as anti-Nazi sentiment, communist activity, Jews in hiding, people suspected to be Jews, and much more. Informers had various motives including antisemitism, racism, a strong belief in Nazi ideology and governance, personal gain, professional gain, and personal disagreements. Source D: Adapted from an excerpt taken from a book written by Herman Goering, a minister in the Nazi government, on the formation of the Gestapo, published in 1934. It was my personal decision to create the Secret State Police Office. This instrument is the principal reason why in Germany, there is no Communist menace. By means of a network of offices around Germany, I am kept informed of everything that happens in the diverse regions of Germany. The last hideout of the Communists is known to us, and within a few days they are again tracked down, registered, monitored and broken up. It must not be forgotten that when we took over the government, there were many good Germans led astray by this insane worldview, thus the need to rescue these people from error and lead them back into the national community . At times, innocents were also affected, and a few beatings took place and brutal acts were committed, but measured against the earlier chaos brought by communism, it was for the unity of the German people.

5 [Turn Over Source E: An extract taken from an internal Nazi report on the mood of industrial workers in Germany, published in 1938. Among industrial workers, many do not care about the successes of the Hitler system and have only scorn and contempt for everything. Many skilled workers often complain that they earn much less now than in 1929 but, at the end of the day, they always say: ‘ At least we have work’. The mood in the plants is one of depression. Now one goes into the plant with a heavy heart because one is always afraid of saying a word too many and landing oneself in a spot. One even looks forward less to getting home because there is no longer any relaxed comradeship with friends and neighbours. Before, one always used to meet like - minded people in the workers, sports and education associations. Now one leaves the factory, runs a few errands, goes home, reads the headlin