CHEMISTRY

Hello! This is my own notes that I made after collating all my errors across all the papers I have done. It touches on content and keywords. I won’t guarantee that the notes are 100% accurate and will give you a distinction but I spent a lot of time and effort on them and it helped me a lot so I wanna share them with y’all! Some wordings might be confusing to understand I’m sorry 😔 Amount of… : moles % yield not 100 - impurities present in sample, may dissolve back to solution, smt else formed Catalyst in process - reactant in first stage and pro use in last stage When saying ph state whether acidic basic or neutral too Try to explain in terms of mol When comparing experiments, just say experiment … and … 1 mol HCL same mol as 0.5 mol h2so4 - collects twice the product for same conc (only conc changes) Change to g when doing mol ratio Macromolecule: v large molecule made up of many repeating units of monomers covalently bonded tgt. Condensation polymerisation: monomers w 2 functional grp react and results in loss of molecules such as water molecules. Addition polymerisation: chemical reaction where unsaturated monomers alkenes join tgt by breaking cc double bonds, w/o losing any molecules Silicon dioxide is an acidic oxide but has ph7. Only show that it’s acidic oxide when it reacts w base. It’s insoluble in water. Hydrogen peroxide is a bleach so solution turns colourless ✨ conserve!! Rate of reaction at… -> draw tangent at that point Pressure only affects gasssss Stopwatch is just a square Ammonia formed is condensed and obtained as a liquid Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide: 2h2O2 —> 2h2O + O2 Ppt just say insoluble too Experimental chem ● Styrofoam - reduce heat loss to surroundings (temp change will be more accurate) ● Cannot measure hydrogen gas using balance (and some other gases, see Mr, as they are v light) ● Burette can be used for water displacement but not ideal as it limits how much gas can collect

● See vol of gas going to be produced and which apparatus can measure that vol ● Chromatography dosent show all substances present in the mixture ● Iodine can be sublimed ● Sodium chloride (most sodium salt) is always evaporation dryness ● For large scale production, evaporation is done via distillation flask ● Solid mixture (have soluble and insoluble solid), add water then heat! To dissolve the soluble solid then filter ● Min number of apparatus qn… just red litmus enough if there’s chlorine but need bot