2025 DHS Prelim P1 ANS

Name: Index Number: Class: _________________________________________________________________________ HIGHER 2 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 9173/01 Monday 22 September 2025 3 hours Additional materials: Insert _________________________________________________________________________ Section A Answer both questions. Cluster 1: Development, Economy and Environment 1 Resource 1 shows the Mineral Contribution Index by country in 2018. Resource 2 shows the price of lithium and cobalt from 2016 to 2023. Resource 3 shows the landscape of an area after mining took place in Australia. Resource 4 shows changes in intra-ASEAN trade as a share of total trade for ASEAN member states between 2004 and 2023. (a) Explain the characteristics of extractive industries. [6] Award 1 mark for each explanation of a characteristic of extractive industries, to a maximum of 5 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include: - These industries are found in specific locations because they mine non-renewable and locationally specific resources which are found only in certain geological formations. [1 mark] - They are capital-intensive because they require significant upfront investment in machinery, infrastructure, and exploration even before extraction begins. [1 mark] - They are technology-intensive because in order to extract resources on a large scale, advanced equipment and drilling methods are required. [1 mark] - These industries are dominated by large private and state-owned firms because such operations require vast financial resources and technical expertise, which smaller companies typically lack. [1 mark] (b) Describe the pattern of Mineral Contribution Index (MCI) shown in Resource 1. [4] Award 1 mark for each description of a pattern of the MCI. Award maximum of 2 marks for responses with only descriptions of places with the same MCI value. Possible responses include: - Every continent contains a country scoring at least 20 on the MCI. [1 mark] - Africa is the continent with the most countries scoring at least 80 on the MCI, with at least 11. [1 mark] - Out of all continents, Europe is the least reliant on minerals for their economy, with around half its countries scoring above 20 but less than 40. [1 mark] DUNMAN HIGH SCHOOL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION YEAR 6

2 9173/2025/Y6 Preliminary Examination/ANS for JC sharing - Asia and South America each have countries spanning the full range of scores on the MCI, with representation at all values. [1 mark] (c) With reference to Resources 1 and 2, suggest why the economic impacts of extractive industries vary between countries. [6] Award 1 mark for each suggestion on why economic impacts vary, to a maximum