NUSH BL1131 Notes

BL1131 Notes Foundations in Biology I Topics 1 to 7 This is a compilation of topics taught in BL1131 Semester 1 and Semester 2. Made by LQ …who hates bio. Why does bio exist AHHHHHH Links of All LQ Notes: LQ Notes Links Document Topic Topic 1: Organisms and the Environment Topic 2: Biological Molecules (I) - Nutrients Topic 3: Cell Structure and Organisation Topic 4: Movement of Substances Topic 5: Biological Nutrients (II) - Enzymes Topic 6: Nutrition in Animals Topic 7: Nutrition in Plants Topic 8: Transport in Plants (new in 2023, found in 2023 BL2131 Notes as Topic 1) Year 2 Biology Notes can be found here: BL2131 Notes Note Topic 1 - Organisms and the Environment and Topic 3 - Cell Structure and Organisation are NOT tested for (2022) end-of-year exams.

Topic 1: Organisms and the Environment 1.1 Ecology 1.1.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors in the Environment Biotic (Living) Abiotic (Non-living) No. of Prey No. of Plants No. of Predators pH level Temperature Light intensity Photosynthesis Water availability Salinity (Salt Content) Oxygen concentration Note: Chemical Processes like photosynthesis are considered Abiotic. 1.1.2 Ecological Organisational Levels Species ⟶ Population ⟶ Community ⟶ Ecosystem ⟶ Biosphere 1. Species: A species is a group of similar organisms. Organisms within a species can breed and produce healthy(viable) offspring that can grow, develop and reproduce normally. 2. Population: A population is a group of organisms of the same species that live together at a particular time and place. 3. Community: A community is two or more populations of different species that live together in a particular place and time and interact with each other. 4. Ecosystem: An ecosystem is a community together with the abiotic environment. 5. Biosphere: A biosphere is the sum of all ecosystems. It includes all the parts of the earth where life can be found. 1.1.3 Interactions Between Species Mutualism + + Commensalism + 0 Predation (Parasitism) + - Amensalism - 0

Competition - - 1.1.4 Transfer of Energy Through the food chain, energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. However, through each trophic level, only about 10% of the energy is transferred, while the rest of the energy is lost through 1. Heat 2. Excretion (Sweat, Urination) 3. Egestion (Faeces) 4. Uneaten Parts 1.1.5 Assimilated Energy Assimilated Energy is the total energy, including the energy that is lost through heat, excretion, egestion and uneaten parts. I