YIJC JC2 H1 History Notes (Sino-Soviet & Sino-American relations)

Compiled by: Chris Loke (Jan 2024) 1 YIJC H1 HISTORY GCE A LEVEL THEME II (Syllabus: 8838) THE COLD WAR & EAST ASIA: 1945 – 1991 1 CHAPTER 1 – CHINA & THE COLD WAR: 1950 - 1991 a) Development of Sino-Soviet Relations i. Cooperation: Treaty of Friendship (1950) & Korean War (1950 – 1953) ii. Worsening: Romanian Workers’ Party Congress (1960) & Border Conflict (1969) iii. Rapprochement & Normalisation: Summit (1989) iv. Factors Shaping Relations: Security Interests, Ideology, Developments in Superpower & Sino US Relations b) Development of Sino-US Relations I. Confrontation: Korean War (1950 – 1953), US Support for Taiwan II. Rapprochement & Normalisation: Nixon’s Visit to China (1972) and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations (1979) III. Factors Shaping Relations: Security Interests, Ideology, Developments in Superpower & Sino Soviet Relations CHAPTER 2 – JAPAN & THE COLD WAR: 1952 - 1991 a) Development of Japan: US Relations i. Alliance & Tensions: Security Alliance, Share of Defence Burden, Economic Relations (Aid, Trade, Market Access) ii. Factors Shaping Relations: Japan’s Economic Status, Japan’s Domestic Politics (Differences over Japan’s Alliance with US, Role of Japan’s Security Forces, Consensus on Nuclear Weapons), Japan’s Perceptions of Communist Threat, US Cold War Strategy b) Japan’s Other Responses to Cold War I. Political Responses: Impact of Relations, Engagement of China II. Economic Responses: Impact of Relations, Engagement of China & SEA 1 https://www.timemaps.com/history/east-asia-1960ad/

Compiled by: Chris Loke (Jan 2024) 2 CHAPTER 1 – CHI NA & THE COLD WAR: 1950 - 1991 a) Development of Sino-Soviet Relations i. Cooperation: Treaty of Friendship (1950) & Korean War (1950 – 1953) ii. Worsening: Romanian Workers’ Party Congress (1960) & Border Conflict (1969) iii. Rapprochement & Normalisation: Summit (1989) iv. Factors Shaping Relations: Security Interests, Ideology, Developments in Superpower & Sino US Relations b) Development of Sino-US Relations I. Confrontation: Korean War (1950 – 1953), US Support for Taiwan II. Rapprochement & Normalisation: Nixon’s Visit to China (1972) and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations (1979) III. Factors Shaping Relations: Security Interests, Ideology, Developments in Superpower & Sino Soviet Relations This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Compiled by: Chris Loke (Jan 2024) 3 2 2 chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/alevel/2024syllabus/8838_y24_sy.pdf

Compiled by: Chris Loke (Jan 2024) 4 OVERVIEW OF CHINA’S RELATIONSHIP WITH US & USSR IDEOLOGICAL BONDS & THEORY: NOT DETERMINISTIC CHINA – US Ideological stereotypes of the inherent global clash between Communism and Capitalism sowed fear and tension as each side believed that the other will set out to destroy them. CHINA – USSR