History content summary (updated)

Chapter 1: WW1 Treaty of Versailles - Aims of the big three, why did they differ? Wilson [USA]: Advocated for a just & lasting peace, based on his Fourteen points, and probably because they didn’t suffer a lot. He aimed to prevent future wars mainly through creation of the League of Nations. Clemenceau [France]: Mainly concerned with ensuring France’s security against future German aggression. He aimed to weaken Germany as much as possible as they suffered the most and for revenge. Lloyd George [Britain]: Sought to balance the interests of France and Germany, while also ensuring Britain’s economic and strategic interests. - Terms of the TOV War guilt clause: Germany forced to accept full blame for the war Reparations: Germany to pay massive reparations to the Allies Territorial losses: Germany had to give up many strategic & economically valuable territories Military disarmament: German armed forces were severely limited League of Nations: Germany not allowed to join - Impact/effect of the TOV on Germany - Short-term Wave of bitterness against the new democratic govt.

- Medium-term Reparations, territorial losses, and military restrictions led to economic hardship from hyperinflation, political instability of the Weimar government, and widespread resentment of the civilian govt as blame was placed on the govt. - Long-term Rise of the Nazi Party and Hitler. The effects of the harsh terms of the treaty created a sense of resentment among the German people, contributing to the growth of extremist ideologies. League of Nations - Aims of the LON Key aim: Resolve international disputes without war. Aim to be achieved through collective security. Collective security: All members of the league would collectively defend each other against aggression. Disarmament: Reduction of arms of members in League - Effectiveness - Successes Upper Silesia 1921: Germany & Poland argued over upper Silesia. To solve the issue, the league oversaw a peaceful vote and divided the region between Germany and Poland Greek-Bulgarian border 1925: Greece attacked Bulgaria over dead Greek soldiers at the border. Bulgaria asked the league for help. The League told Greece to leave Bulgaria & both sides to stand down. Greece obeyed but said the League treated smaller countries unfairly

- Failures Vilna 1920: Poland seized control of Vilna, Lithuania's capital. Lithuania seeked help from the