MGS 2025 GEOG PRELIM P1 MS

1 METHODIST GIRLS’ SCHOOL Founded in 1887 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2025 Secondary 4 GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 Monday 2279/01 18 August 2025 1 hour 45 minutes MARK SCHEME

2 Answer all questions. 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life Bath is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in southwest England, known for its Roman Baths, Georgian architecture, and historic city centre. The Roman Baths are a well-preserved ancient bathing complex in, built by the Romans over natural hot springs for bathing, worship, and socialising. The city of Bath attracts millions of tourists each year. Study Fig. 1.1 (Insert) which shows a map of the city of Bath. A group of students in UK were interested in the effects of tourism on the city of Bath. Their hypothesis was: The advantages of tourism are greater than the disadvantages. (a) The students used a questionnaire to investigate the hypothesis which is shown in Fig. 1.2 (Insert). Study Fig. 1.3 (Insert), which shows the responses to Question 1 ‘What do you think are the main advantages of tourism in Bath?’ and Question 2 ‘What do you think are the main disadvantages of tourism in Bath?’. (i) Using Fig 1.3, complete the bar graph below. [4] Award 1m for each reason correctly plotted. AO2 (ii) Using Figs. 1.3 and 1.4, what conclusions can you make about the hypothesis ‘ The advantages of tourism are greater than the disadvantages ? [4] Award 1 mark for each conclusion, to a maximum of 4 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each conclusion where applicable.

3 ● The hypothesis valid/accepted/supported (compulsory 1m) ● The most frequently mentioned advantages include job creation (125 responses) and income opportunities for businesses (115), which are higher than any of the disadvantages ● In contrast, the most common disadvantage (litter) was mentioned by only 78 residents, which is significantly lower. ● Other negative impacts like noise (68), traffic (60), and high prices (50) were mentioned less frequently than the top advantages. ● Additionally, cultural and economic benefits such as building preservation and market opportunities also highlight positive long-term impacts. AO2 (iii) Study Fig. 1.5 (Insert) which shows the three locations – A, B and C – where the students administered the questionnaire. With reference to Figs. 1.1 and 1.5, evaluate the appropriateness of the three locations chosen to administer the questionnaire. [6] Award 1 mark for each evaluation of the suitability of locations, to a maximum of 6 marks. Award 1 maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each evaluation, where applicable. Possible responses include: Appropriate: ● A - The Circus is close to Royal Crescent, a major tourist attraction, hence there is a high volume of tourist traffic. It is a scenic area where tourists often stop to take photos or rest, making it convenient for students to approach them for surveys. ● B - Bath Abbey/Roman Baths is the historic and commercial heart of the city, with constant pedestrian traffic throughout the day. As it is the most popular tourist site in Bath, students are likely to encounter a high number of tourists and local workers in the tourism industry. ● These 2 locations are accessible and safe. Being in pedestrian-friendly zones with open spaces, The Circus and the area near the Abbey allow students to conduct surveys without obstructing traffic or putting themselves at risk. ● Because of their central location, students can approach a diverse pool of respondents —tourists, shopkeepers, street performers, and residents—which strengthens the validity of the results and helps avoid sampling bias. Not appropriate: ● C- Pulteney Road is away from the central tourist circuit and is likely to have more vehicles than pedestrian traffic. It may be difficult to find respondents willing to stop and answer a questionnaire here, reducing the effectiveness and safety of data collection. ● Pulteney Road may present safety issues as it lacks adequate pedestrian space and resting areas, making it challenging for students to approach people without causing disruptions or putting themselves in potentially dangerous situations. AO3

4 (iv) Outline one sampling method that may be used to select 130 respondents for the questionnaire.[2] Award 1 mark for method and 1 mark for description ● Simple Random: Every member of the population is assigned a number. A random number generator is then used to generate random numbers. ● Stratified Random: Identify different sub-group such as age and gender. random number generator is then used to generate random numbers for each sub-group. ● Convenience: Selecting samples that are convenient and accessible to the researcher. ● Quota: Identify different categories such as age and gender. Samples are selected based on convenience and easy access. AO2 (b) Traffic congestion was identified as a disadvantage of tourism. The students then investigated how the amount of traffic was greater in summer than in winter because of tourism. The students did a traffic survey at two locations where there was high foot and vehicular traffic. Data in summer was by the students, and used data collected by another group of geography students the previous winter for comparison. (i) Identify the type of data used by these students but not collected by them. [1] ● Secondary data AO2 (ii) Suggest how the students could make sure that the traffic survey data which they collected was reliable. [3] Award 1 mark for each suggestion, to a maximum of 3 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each suggestion where applicable. ● Collect data over a longer period of time , including different days of the week and both peak and off-peak hours, to improve accuracy and account for daily variation ● Use digital tools like traffic counting apps or video recordings to reduce human error and improve the reliability of their observations. ● Conduct more surveys in additional locations around Bath to ensure the results are representative of the whole city centre, not just one or two areas. AO2 [Total: 20]

5 2 Cluster 2: Tourism (a) Study Fig. 2.1 (Insert), which shows reasons for the growth in tourism. (i) With reference to Fig. 2.1, explain why global tourism has grown rapidly in recent decades. [4] Award 1 mark for each explanation, to a maximum of 4 marks. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each explanation where applicable. Motivation to Travel ● The image shows a relaxed beach environment - suggests people travel for relaxation and self - fulfillment. ● Tourists exploring a landmark site, indicating the desire for unique experiences and cultural exploration. Ability to Travel ● Presence of an airport scene implies that air travel is