NCHS 2025 GEOG PRELIM P1 MS

Pure Geo pp 1 Answer Key 1 (a) (i) ● Government website/Singapore Tourism Board [1] ● Academic research and Publications [1] AO 1 [2 marks] 1 (a) (ii) ● Food and drink [1] AO 1 [1 mark] 1 (b) (i) ● Students could divide and locate themselves at different parts of Gardens by the Bay (entrance of Cloud forest, entrance of Flower dome, Supertree Observatory and etc) as the volume of visitors would be the greatest [1 mark]. ● These locations are also ideal as they are the popular tourist sites within Gardens by the Bay hence providing opportunities for the students to approach the visitors easily. [1 additional mark] ● Students could use simple random sampling as it is used to remove bias that could stem from the selection of visitors [1 mark]. A random number generator is used to generate random numbers to select the samples. [1 additional mark] ● Students collect the data on a Monday for 3 hours from 11am – 2pm to ensure a large sample size could be collected so that there is more data for comparison[1] ● Accept other types of sampling technique (2 m max) AO 2 [4 marks] 1 (b) (ii)

Pure Geo pp 1 Answer Key AO2 [2 mark] 1 (b) (iii) ● The data from table 1.1 does not support the hypothesis. Most tourists from Singapore does not come from Europe. [1] ● The region with the highest number of tourists to Singapore is Asia. [1] ● It accounts for 50% of the tourists in Singapore. [1 additional mark] ● Tourists from Europe only accounts a smaller percentage of 18%. [1] AO2 [3 marks] 1 (b) (iv) ● The data was only collected from one attraction which is Gardens by the Bay. [1] ● This may miss out tourists who may come from other regions but did not visit Gardens by the Bay thus the sample may not be representative of the overall tourist population in Singapore. [1 additional mark] ● As the data was collected on a Monday morning only from 11am to 2pm, the time frame is limited. [1] ● This may miss out other tourists’ pattern, like where they come from which may differ by season or even time of the day. e.g. school holidays [1 additional mark] ● A sample size of 100 from a specific location is sufficient to help identify the region where most tourists come from. [1] AO3 [4 marks] 1 (c) ● Students can construct comparative bar graph. [1] ● For each attribute, there will be two bars placed side by side, one representing number replying yes and the other replying no. [1] ● The different attributes will be on the X axis and the number of respondents will be on the Y axis. [1] ● There should be a clear legend to distinguish between those replying yes and those replying to no. [1] AO2 [4 marks]

Pure Geo pp 1 Answer Key 2 (a) ● The increasing pressure of work and hectic lifestyles have increase people’s motivation to travel to relieve stress. [1] ● Many people therefore travel to different destinations and engage in different tourist activities to escape from the urban environment to rest and relax. [1 additional mark] ● Many people travel as a way for self-growth and to achieve their fullest potential. [1] ● It helps them to develop themselves further by learning something new or improving their existing knowledge and skills such as cooking local cuisines. [1 additional mark] ● Some are motivated to travel so as to gain unique travel experiences in order to satisfy their curiosity about the world. [1] ● They get to explore different environments and cultures and to participate in uncommon tourism activities such as trekking along the slopes of a volcano. [1 additional mark] AO1 [5 marks] 2 (b) ● Globalisation has led to increased demand by making the international tourism more accessible and desirable. [1] ● Globalisation allows tourists to search for and buy tourism related products from anywhere that results in greater competition among businesses, which drives them to offer value-for-money travel experiences. [1] ● This increases the demand by making travelling more affordable for a wider range of people. [1 additional mark] ● With increased access to new ideas on tourism destinations and experiences from all over the world, more tourists are motivated to travel [1] ● Especially for lesser-known destinations that were not previously popular, with the greater flow of information about these destinations, it has enticed more people to travel to these second cities. [1 additional mark] AO1 [4 marks] 2 (c) ● Government policies help push change on sustainable tourism for tourism organizations which may not prioritize change. [1]

Pure Geo pp 1 Answer Key ● This may include enforcing regulations to limit tourist numbers. [1 additional mark] ● Government can also offer guidance to tourism organisations on sustainable tourism as not all will have the know how and thus the adoption of sustainable practices would be slower. [1] ● If the policies are inconsistent and lack enforcement or monitoring, the effectiveness is limited. [1] ● Reserve 1m each for effectiveness and ineffectiveness AO3 [2 marks] 2 (d) ● Generally, it is an increasing trend for domestic travel but a slight decreasing trend for international travel between 2019 and 2014. [1] ● For domestic travel, it increased from 53.1mil to 55.8 mil, an increase of 2.7 million. For international tourism, it decreased by 0.1 million. [1 additional mark] ● Both domestic and international decreased drastically from 2019 to 2020. [1] ● International decreased from 13.5 million to 2.4 million. Domestic decreased from 53.1 million to 20.5 million. [1 additional mark] ● Domestic travel was always more than international. [1 mark ] AO2 [4 marks] 3 (a) ● A large-scale volcanic eruption releases large volumes of carbon dioxide, water vapour, sulfur dioxide, dust and ash into the atmosphere. [1] ● The sulfur-based particles, dust and ash spread around the lower atmosphere area of the earth. [1] ● These particles absorb and reflect solar energy back to space and temporarily offsets the greenhouse effect, lowering temperature. [1] AO1 [3 marks] 3 (b) ● Rising sea levels and flooding will lead to a decrease in Asia’s GDP and put many people at risk. [1]

Pure Geo pp 1 Answer Key ● Among the cities, Bangkok is the most affected with 10.45 million people at risk and has the highest economic loss of 96%. [1] ● The least affected is Hong Kong, with only 0.09 million people at risk and an economic loss of 0.4%. [1] ● For Manila, even though only a smaller number of 1.54 million people are affected, yet the economic loss is high, projected at 87%. [1] AO2 [3 marks] 3 (c) Level Marks Descriptors 3 7-9 Develops arguments that support both sides of the discussion clearly using a range of points with good elaboration. Examples used demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the issue or phenomenon. Evaluation is derived from a well-reasoned consider