SNGS 2025 GEOG PRELIM P1 MS

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2025 GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION ORDINARY LEVEL ANSWER KEY GEOGRAPHY 2279/02 Paper 1  AO1 (Content)- 30% (15 marks)  AO2(Skill) - 40% (20 marks)  AO3 (Judgment/Decision making) - 30% (15 marks) Qns AO1 AO2 AO3 GEL – GI (20 marks) (a) 2 (b)(i) 2 (b)(ii) 2 (c)(i) 2 (c)(ii) 2 (c)(iii) 4 (d) 6 Total 14 Qns AO1 AO2 AO3 Tourism (15 marks) (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 4 Total 11 4 0 Qns AO1 AO2 AO3 Climate (15 marks) (a) 2 (c) 4 (d) (e) 9 Total 4 2 0 Overall Total 15 20 15 For markers to note: For questions which do not require examples - marks can be awarded for good use of relevant examples to illustrate a point.

2 Answer all questions. CLUSTER 1: GEOGRAPHY IN EVERYDAY LIFE Suggested Answers (a) State where the students may have retrieved the map from and, other than showing location, explain one possible use of the map in their investigation. [2] Award one mark for suggestion for retrieval of map. Award one mark for explanation of one possible use. - The students may have retrieved the map from a government website such as the National Parks Board (NParks) website. (Accept any plausible government website or just government website or archive such as the library will suffice – do not accept the internet as this is too broad) [1] - Apart from showing the location, the map helps them to understand extensiveness of the PCNs thus it allows the students to understand better the significance of PCN to Singapore’s landscape/ It shows how accessible the PCNs are to Singaporeans and so studying the impact of one can be significant as it can be used to understand the impact of the others as well. [1] (Students need to elaborate on why the map is significant and not just state) [1] Accept any other plausible answers. (b)(i) Based on Fig. 1.2, assess the level of risk involved in conducting their investigation at the Southern Ridges. Award one mark for low or low to moderate risk. Award one mark for supported justification. - The overall level of risk is low to moderate [1]. - This is because most of the risk levels falls between 2 to 9 which is well below the maximum risk possible, which is 25.[1] Accept any other plausible answers. (b)(ii) Suggest two strategies that the students can adopt to prepare for the hazard with the highest degree of risk. [2] Award one mark for each appropriate strategy given. Any of the strategies below may be accepted and awarded - answers must relate to sun/heat – 1 mark - Bring water and regularly hydrate - Wear light clothing, apply sunscreen - Conduct the investigation during cooler parts of the day, such as early morning.

3 - Know shelter points to rest Accept any other plausible answers. (c)(i) Describe how the data collected for Question 1 could be presented on map of Singapore. [2] Award 2 marks for description of an acceptable method. - Dot Distribution Map:[1] - Each visitor's response is represented by a dot placed on the area they come from (e.g. Bishan, Pasir Ris, Clementi). If multiple people come from the same area, the number of dots increases, helping to show which areas have more visitors. [1] Other methods: Choropleth Map/Flow map Accept any other plausible answers. (c)(ii) With reference to Fig. 1.4, explain how the students could sample visitors to collect the data needed to test their hypothesis. Justify your choice of sampling method. Award 1 mark for identification of any valid sampling method. Award 1 mark for description of the sampling method identified. Award 1 mark for some reference to the map such as where to do the sampling Award 1 mark for justification/advantage - The students likely used convenience sampling [1] - By interviewing visitors who were easily accessible/willing to be interviewed [1] - At popular entry or rest points, such as near the Henderson Waves or Forest Walk. These are high-traffic areas, as seen in Fig. 1.4, making it convenient for students to approach people walking past or resting.[1] - This method is suitable because the students had limited time and resources and were only conducting interviews on one weekend morning. It allowed them to collect responses quickly without complex planning.[1] Accept any other plausible answers. (d) Using Figs. 1.5 and 1.6 only, evaluate how well the data supports the students’ revised hypothesis. [6] Award 3 marks for positive and negative impacts of the Southern Ridges on visitors Award 3 marks for positive and negative impact of the Southern Ridges on the environment Trends and patterns must be supported with data to be awarded marks. If no reference made award a max of 2 marks for this question for general patterns. The expanded hypothesis suggests that the Southern Ridges contribute positively both to the experience of its visitors and the environmental quality of the area. Evidence from the two surveys generally supports the hypothesis. [3m – any of the points below or any other plausible answers] Positive impact on visitors

4 - The visitors appreciate the ease of movement across the park, contributing to a positive experience as supported by 39 out of 50 respondents who agreed or strongly agreed to the statement that the trails are accessible and well-connected. [1] - Visitors to the park also had an increase in environmental awareness for many, the experience encouraged reflection on environmental issues with 31 out of 50 respondents agreed or strongly agreed that their visit made them more environmentally conscious.[1] Positive Environmental Impact - There is a biodiversity presence at Telok Blangah Hill Park as the bipolar bar graph shows a score of +4, indicating that observers noticed visible biodiversity, such as flora and fauna, suggesting a healthy ecological condition in that zone.[1] - Presence of educational features along Marang Trail. This area received a +3 score, reflecting the presence of educational signage that supports awareness and learning, reinforcing the idea of environmental stewardship. [1] However, there is also evidence from the two surveys that disagrees/contradict the hypothesis. [3 – any of the points below or any other plausible answers] Negative Impact on Visitors - However, there are those who feel that there is limited impact on environmental awareness as although the majority are positive, 9 respondents disagreed and 10 respondents were neutral about becoming more environmentally conscious. This shows that for nearly 38% of visitors, the visit may not have significantly shifted their environmental attitudes. - Additionally, a small number of visitors – 5 respondents - found their experience to be meaningful and hence visiting the Southern Ridges did not improve their mental health with another 5 respondents expressed disagreement or strong disagreement with the mental well-being statement. Negative Environmental Impact - There was litter at Henderson Waves as it scored -2, this location showed observable litter, - High noise pollution was also found near Alexandra Arch. This area had the lowest score of -3, highlighting that traffic or human-generated noise may be disturbing the natural environment and wildlife. Finaly the trail wear and erosion at Forest Walk scored -1, indicating some trail damage or erosion, which may be a result of overuse or insufficient maintenance. Overall, the data from both graphs largely supports the expanded hypothesis. Visitors find the Southern Ridges beneficial to their well-being and awareness, while most environmental indicators reflect positive stewardship of the area. A few areas such as waste management and nois