Organic Chem Notes

1 Name:_____________________________ ( ) Class:__________ Date:___________ An Introduction to Organic Chemistry Organic Compounds 1. All organic compounds contain _______________. Most of them contain _______________. 2. Organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon are called _______________. 3. Some organic compounds may also contain _______________, _______________ and _______________. Homologous Series 1. A homologous series is a _______________ of organic compounds with the same __________________________ and similar _______________ properties. 2. A ______________________________ is an atom or group of atoms that gives a molecule its _______________ properties. 3. Complete the table. Homologous series Functional group alkanes alkenes alcohols carboxylic acids

2 4. Organic compounds in the same homologous series have the same _____________________ and similar _______________ properties. 5. They also show a _______________ change in their _______________ properties down the series. Naming Organic Compounds 1. The name of an organic compound can be divided into two parts. (a) The prefix shows the number of _______________ atoms in each molecule. (b) The suffix shows the _____________________________ that the compound belongs to. (c) Complete the tables below. Prefix Number of carbon atoms meth- eth- prop- but- Suffix Homologous series -ane -ene -ol -oic acid

3 2. Complete the following table. Number of carbon atoms Alkane Alkene Alcohol Carboxylic acid 1 methane – methanol 2 ethane ethene 3 propane propanoic acid 4 butane butene butanoic acid Petroleum and Natural Gas Formation of Petroleum and Natural Gas 1. Petroleum and natural gas are sources of _______________. 2. Petroleum (also called ____________________) is a _______________occurring mixture of hydrocarbons (mainly _______________). 3. Natural gas is mostly made up of _______________ and other ______________________. 4. Petroleum and natural gas are examples of _____________________which are formed from the remains of plants and animals which died __________________________ ago. Fractional Distillation of Petroleum 1. Petroleum is separated into _______________by __________________________. 2. Each fraction is a mixture of _____________ which boils over a certain temperature range. 3. A lighter fraction contains _______________ carbon atoms and has a _______________ boiling point range than a heavier fraction.

4 4. (a) In the furnace, petroleum is heated into a _______________. (b) The vapour is passed into the _________________________________. (c) The vapour _______________ and _______________ as it rises up the column. (d) _______________ hydrocarbons with _______________ boiling points are collected at the _______________ of the column. (e) _______________ hydrocarbons with _______________ boiling points are collected at the _______________ of the column. Uses of Petroleum Fractions Fraction Use petroleum gas fuel for _______________ and _______________ petrol fuel for _______________ naphtha feedstock ( _____________________ ) for the _______________ industry kerosene fuel for ____________________, cooking and heating diesel oil fuel for engines in ____________________________ lubricating oil for lubricating _______________; for making _______________ and polishes bitumen for paving ______________________; for _____________

5 Competing Uses of Petroleum 1. Petroleum is used mainly as a _____________. It is also used as ___________________ for the petrochemical industry which produces _______________, _______________, medicines and so on. 2. Petroleum is a _______________________ resource. Its supply is _______________. 3. It is necessary to _______________ petroleum in order to meet its _______________ competing uses. 4. Alternative fuels include biofuel (e.g. _______________ and _______________) and gasohol (a mixture of _______________ and _______________).