SASS EGeog Tectonic Hazards Extra Ws

St Andrew’s Secondary School Geography Unit Topic: Living with Tectonic Hazards (Extra Practice Questions) Name: __________________________________________ ( ) Class:_______ Date: ____________ 1a. Study Fig. 1 which shows how plate movement is caused. Fig. 1 Using Fig. 1, describe and explain how the slab pull force occurs. [4] b. Explain how volcanic materials cause massive destruction to the surrounding area during a volcanic eruption. [4]

2a Fig. 2 is an aerial photograph of the Great African Rift Valley in Africa, while Fig. 3 shows its location on . a map. Aerial photograph of the Great African Rift Valley in Africa Fig. 2

Fig. 3 Use Fig. 3 to explain how the formation and appearance of the rift valley shown in Fig. 2 are a result of plate tectonics. [5] 2b. Study Fig. 3 (Insert), which shows the magnitude of the earthquake that occurred offshore Japan, and Fig. 4, which shows the wave heights of the tsunami that formed as a result of the earthquake. Fig. 4

i. Use information from Fig. 3 to explain how the tsunamis with wave height of 10 ft. or more as shown in Fig. 4 are formed. [4] ii. Suggest the possible impacts of the earthquake and tsunami along the Japan coastline. [4] c. Explain how land use regulations can help reduce impacts of earthquakes and tsunamis. [4] Study Fig. 2, which shows tectonic activities along the Sunda Trench. Tectonic activities along the Sunda Trench (Source: http://dl0.creation.com/articles/p047/c04722/4722-tsunami-diagram.jpg) Fig. 2

i. Use the information on Fig. 2 to explain the formation of a tsunami along the Sunda Trench and describe possible risks to surrounding coastal towns. [5] ii. With the use of examples, explain how potential risks from tsunamis may be better managed. [4] 3. Study Figs. 3a and 3b. Fig. 3a shows the nature of the earthquake in Nepal in April 2015 while Fig. 3b shows the statistics of earthquakes between Nepal and Japan. Earthquake profile in Nepal

Source: http://www.businessinsider.co.id/nepal-earthquake-death-toll-2015-4/#.VY_HyNKqqko Fig. 3a Comparison of Earthquake Statistics Country Nepal, 2015 Japan, 1993 Magnitude 7.8 7.7 Death toll 8000 239 Fig. 3b With reference to Figs. 3a and 3b and your own studies, account for the earthquake in Nepal and suggest why Nepal has a higher death toll than Japan despite having similar earthquake magnitude. [6] 4. Describe and explain two measures the Japanese government took in response to the 9.0 magnitude earthquake that happened in Tohoku, in order to reduce future risks. [4] 5. Study Fig. 4 which shows the damage of earthquakes in Nepal.

2015 Magnitude:7.9 80 km from Kathmandu. Population: over 2.5 million More than 9,000 killed, over 23,000 injured 1980 1934 Magnitude:8.0 Most destructive earthquake in Nepal’s history. Population: over 3 million Over 10,000 killed, Kathmandu and several other cities completely destroyed 2011 Magnitude: 6.9 Magnitude:6.5 Population: over 1 million 178 killed. 40,000 homes destroyed. 1988 Magnitude:6.8 Population: 2.3 million 722 killed across Nepal and India. 12,000 injured, 460,000 left homeless Fig. 4 Population: 1.5 million 6 killed, 30 seriously injured, 13,000

displaced. With reference to Fig. 4 and your own knowledge, suggest reasons for the difference in damage shown. [4] 6a. Explain in detail the formation of tsunamis. You may use annotated diagrams in your answer. [5] b. Figures 5A and 5B show features of building design in order to mitigate the effects of earthquakes. Damper system between the 87th to 91st levels Figure 5A Figure 5B http://imaginationstationtoledo.org/content/2011/03 and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuned_mass_damper Using Figures 5A and 5B, describe and explain how these design features are able to mitigate the effects of earthquakes. [4]