SASS EGeog Tectonic Hazards Pt1

St Andrew’s Secondary School Geography Unit Topic: Living with Tectonic Hazards Part 1 Name: _________________________________________ ( ) Class:_______ Date: ____________ 1a) Compare the differences between tectonic hazards and climate-related hazards. Give an example of the different hazards. [3] 1b) Study Fig 1 and identify the different layers of the earth. [3] Fig. 1 - Earth 2) Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. Core: • Composed mostly of ___________ and ___________ • Divided into inner core + outer core 1. Inner core is __________ km thick and is a _______________ layer 2. Outer core is 2,100 km thick and is a _______________ layer • Temperature between __________⁰C and __________⁰C A B C

Mantle: • Mostly solid rock (flows under high temperature and pressure) and is about __________ km thick • Divided into upper mantle + lower mantle Upper mantle consist of aa layer of solid rock and the asthenosphere • Temperature between __________⁰C and __________⁰C Crust: • Thin ____________________ layer consists of both ____________ and continental crusts • Oceanic crust is found beneath ___________ – About _____ g/cm3, __________ basaltic rocks, thinner _____ to _____ km • Continental crust is found beneath the continents – About _____ g/cm3, __________ granite rocks, thicker – Thicker at • 35 – 40 km under ____________________ interior • _____ to _____ km under mountain ranges • Up to _____ km under parts of Himalayan Mountains Tectonic plates • A tectonic plate is made up of the ____________________ (i.e. crust + uppermost mantle). • The earth’s crust is broken into several pieces of tectonic plates. • These plates move in relation to one another. • Tectonic plates can be made up of: – ____________________ crust – ____________________ crust or – a combination of both Oceanic Crust • Located beneath __________ ocean • Very thin — between ___ and ___ km • Denser e.g. _______________ Continental Crust • Located beneath ______________ and under _______________ seas • Very thick - between ____ and _____ km • Less dense e.g. _______________

St Andrew’s Secondary School Geography Unit Topic: Living with Tectonic Hazards Part 1 Name: _________________________________________ ( ) Class:_______ Date: ____________ 3. Study Fig. 2 which shows the convection currents found in the interior of the earth. Annotate the processes in Fig. 2. [3] Fig. 2 4. Study Fig. 3 which shows the Earth’s crust. Fig. 3 i) ________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ii) ___________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ iii) _________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ A

(i) With reference to Fig. 3, explain how and why plates move. [5] (ii) Refer to Fig. 3, e xplain with example, how the landforms are formed at the plate boundary marked A. [4]

St Andrew’s Secondary School Geography Unit Topic: Living with Tectonic Hazards Part 1 Name: _________________________________________ ( ) Class:_______ Date: ____________ 5. Study Fig. 4, which shows a dagram of a rift valley. Explain how it is formed. [4] Fig. 4

6. Study Fig. 5, which shows oceanic-oceanic plate convergence below. Fig. 5 Identify the features X and Y and explain the processes leading to their formation. [6] X Y

St Andrew’s Secondary School Geography Unit Topic: Living with Tectonic Hazards Part 1 Name: _________________________________________ ( ) Class:_______ Date: ____________ 7. Study Figs. 6 and 7, which shows mountain range formed at a convergent plate boundary. Fig. 6 Fig. 7 i) Describe the landform seen in Fig. 6. [3]

ii) Refer to Figs. 6 and 7, explain how the landform may have formed. [5]

St Andrew’s Secondary School Geography Unit Topic: Living with Tectonic Hazards Part 1 Name: _________________________________________ ( ) Class:_______ Date: ____________ 8. Study Figs. 8 and 9, which show information about various plate tectonic features in Japan. Cross-sectional view of plate boundaries (Source: http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_asia/Japsect.jpg) Fig. 8 Location of plate boundaries near Japan (Source: http://media.diercke.net/omeda/800/10938E_1_Japan_Erdbeben_SW.jpg) Fig. 9

(i) With reference to Fig. 8, describe the distribution of the earthquakes found. [3] (ii) Use Figs 8 , 9 and studies made, to help you explain types of tectonic hazards and features that are associated with plate movement near mainland Japan. [5]