SASS EGeog Tectonic Hazards Pt2

St Andrew’s Secondary School Geography Unit Topic: Living with Tectonic Hazards Part 2 Name: _________________________________________ ( ) Class:_______ Date: ____________ 1. What are volcanoes and how are they formed? [3] 2. Label the different parts of the structure of the volcano. [4]

3. Identify the different characteristics of the two types of lava. Characteristics Basic lava Acid Lava Silica content Viscosity Rate of flow Temperature Plate boundary 4. Refer to Fig. 1 and describe the distribution of the volcanoes in the world. Fig. 1

St Andrew’s Secondary School Geography Unit Topic: Living with Tectonic Hazards Part 2 Name: _________________________________________ ( ) Class:_______ Date: ____________ 5. Study Fig. 2, which shows an excerpt from a news article about the eruption of Mount Ontake in 2014. Source: Edited article, Wiki Commons Fig. 2 (i) With the use of Fig. 2, explain how volcanoes can be hazardous. [4] Refer to the suggested answer below. Edited the answer to improve on its clarity, accuracy, relevance and breadth of content necessary Suggested answer: “Pyroclastic flow can destroy anything in its path with volcanic bombs that are travelling at very fast speed. Hot ash and gases can result in serious injury and even death. Landslides occur due to structural collapse of a volcano’s cone during an eruption. Landslides have the potential to obstruct the flow of rivers, causing floods, blocked roads and buried villages and farmlands” Your improved answer (Clarity, Accuracy, Relevance, Breadth): Mount Ontake erupted on September 27, 2014 killing 57 people. The mountain was a popular spot for hiking and enjoyed good weather conditions. However, at approximately 11.58pm that fateful morning, the volcano erupted without warning. Thick layers of ash and large roc k fragments were ejected out of the crater. Thick plumes of ash particles with poisonous gases were released as a result of the geothermal explosion. The deadly mixture of water and ash particles has completely blocked roads and paths, making the tasks of search and rescue workers, close to impossible.

(ii) With the use of examples, describe why volcanoes vary in their physical characteristics and eruption type. [4] 6. Study Fig. 3 which shows a volcano. Fig. 3 Identify the type of volcano shown in Fig. 3 and describe its structure. [4]

St Andrew’s Secondary School Geography Unit Topic: Living with Tectonic Hazards Part 2 Name: __________________________________________ ( ) Class:_______ Date: ____________ 7. Fig. 4 shows Erta Ale, one of the most active basalt shield volcano in the Afar Region of Northeastern Ethiopia. Fig. 4 (i) Draw a labelled diagram showing the internal structu