SASS EGeog Tectonic Hazards Pt2

St Andrew’s Secondary School Geography Unit Topic: Living with Tectonic Hazards Part 2 Name: _________________________________________ ( ) Class:_______ Date: ____________ 1. What are volcanoes and how are they formed? [3] 2. Label the different parts of the structure of the volcano. [4]

3. Identify the different characteristics of the two types of lava. Characteristics Basic lava Acid Lava Silica content Viscosity Rate of flow Temperature Plate boundary 4. Refer to Fig. 1 and describe the distribution of the volcanoes in the world. Fig. 1

St Andrew’s Secondary School Geography Unit Topic: Living with Tectonic Hazards Part 2 Name: _________________________________________ ( ) Class:_______ Date: ____________ 5. Study Fig. 2, which shows an excerpt from a news article about the eruption of Mount Ontake in 2014. Source: Edited article, Wiki Commons Fig. 2 (i) With the use of Fig. 2, explain how volcanoes can be hazardous. [4] Refer to the suggested answer below. Edited the answer to improve on its clarity, accuracy, relevance and breadth of content necessary Suggested answer: “Pyroclastic flow can destroy anything in its path with volcanic bombs that are travelling at very fast speed. Hot ash and gases can result in serious injury and even death. Landslides occur due to structural collapse of a volcano’s cone during an eruption. Landslides have the potential to obstruct the flow of rivers, causing floods, blocked roads and buried villages and farmlands” Your improved answer (Clarity, Accuracy, Relevance, Breadth): Mount Ontake erupted on September 27, 2014 killing 57 people. The mountain was a popular spot for hiking and enjoyed good weather conditions. However, at approximately 11.58pm that fateful morning, the volcano erupted without warning. Thick layers of ash and large roc k fragments were ejected out of the crater. Thick plumes of ash particles with poisonous gases were released as a result of the geothermal explosion. The deadly mixture of water and ash particles has completely blocked roads and paths, making the tasks of search and rescue workers, close to impossible.

(ii) With the use of examples, describe why volcanoes vary in their physical characteristics and eruption type. [4] 6. Study Fig. 3 which shows a volcano. Fig. 3 Identify the type of volcano shown in Fig. 3 and describe its structure. [4]

St Andrew’s Secondary School Geography Unit Topic: Living with Tectonic Hazards Part 2 Name: __________________________________________ ( ) Class:_______ Date: ____________ 7. Fig. 4 shows Erta Ale, one of the most active basalt shield volcano in the Afar Region of Northeastern Ethiopia. Fig. 4 (i) Draw a labelled diagram showing the internal structure of Erta Al and annotate on the diagram the characteristics of a shield volcano. [4] (ii) Describe the risks and benefits of living near volcanoes. [4]

8. Fig. 5 shows the global land temperature readings and named volcanic eruptions between 1750 to 2000. Fig. 5 Discuss the impact of volcanic eruptions and other human activities on global climate change. [5]

St Andrew’s Secondary School Geography Unit Topic: Living with Tectonic Hazards Part 2 Name: _________________________________________ ( ) Class:_______ Date: ____________ 9. Study Fig. 6 which shows information about the location of volcanoes in relation to constructive and destructive plate boundaries. Fig. 6 Compare the volcanos found at two different plate boundaries [6]

10. Study Figs. 7a and 7b, which shows the scope of ash from the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland in 2010. Extent of Iceland Eyjafjallajökull volcano ash cloud Fig. 7a (i) Refer to Fig. 7a and describe the extent of the Iceland volcano ash cloud. [2] (ii) Study Fig. 7b, which shows the impact of the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland in 2010. Use Fig.7b to describe the impacts of the volcanic eruptions. [5]

Impacts of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in Iceland in 2010 Fig. 7b