h2 bio topical reminders

🍃 H2 bio last-minute reminders Disclaimer: notes are based on the 2025 syllabus!! These are general guidelines I got from my notes, teachers and friends. Styles of writing may differ from school to school, so please follow your own teachers’/school’s guidelines in internal exams. For the actual As…it’s kinda up to you lol FAQs 1. what does it mean by gene mutation in intron can affect binding site of splicing enzymes 1. Just means the spliceosome can’t recognise and bind anymore cause the intron sequences got changed, boundaries changed (complementary base pairing) 2. Does reverse transcriptase synthesise the second dna strand or is it dna pol in virus 1. DNA pol 3. Does post translational mod happen in proks too or only euk 1. can happen in proks, but not that significant 4. In telomerase is the new dna on the shortened end synthesised discontinuously or continuous 1. Continuous (should be) but this ain’t important lol Answering Qns - “With reference to figure” - quote time, data, aANYTHING to support point even if it’s just identifying stages of mitosis must be “anaphase from x min to x min” - ‼ ‼ “Comment” - split into quote data then inferences from data. Or describe structures (in detail!) then LINK structure and function. - Graph DECREASE/INCREASE GRADUALLY, SHARPLY - Anytime enzymes are mentioned in whatever topic and context must always say it is complementary in shape and charge to whatever substrate - LABEL diagram eg when they ask you to draw formation of a dipeptide or any bio molecule, label each monomer, label bond, label WATER - For any BONDS: specify BETWEEN WHAT AND WHAT eg H bonds BETWEEN CO AND NH GROUPS OF SAME POLYPEPTIDE - “Describe”: NAME the process please. Eg - vesicles fuse w membrane , transporting xxx out BY EXOCYTOSIS I know you’d miss this out.. - All drugs eg inhibitors must be stable and not easily broken down so it can remain in active site - limiting factors? WHAT KIND of limiting factor. HIGH temperature? LOW humidity? Cannot just like “temperature” - “EVALUATE effect”. Cannot say there is an effect or just quote data. Say stuff like INCREASE OR DECREASE, UPREGULATE DOWNREGULATE, WHAT effect it has

- “Suggest why this means this” / “this leads to this” -> explain, then provide a trend. Eg suggest why blood ALT concentration provides measure of damage to liver cells. Because: ALT presence is due to leakage from membranes and cell lysis, and MORE DAMAGE OF LIVER C