D&T Theory Notes (7059)

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D&T Theory Notes Made by Javier (@javierererie) Sources: Dunman Secondary School Notes View this document in PRINT VIEW for best experience. This document follows the 7059 Syllabus (2025~2026 GCE O-Level Syllabus), or the K345 Syllabus (2027~ G3 Secondary Education Certificate Syllabus). 7059/01 (in entry proof), 2 hours, 80 marks (40%) Hyperlinks || Weightage Q1: Design + Materials in Design || 26 marks Q2: Structure || 18 marks Q3: Mechanism || 18 marks Q4: Electronics || 18 marks nooo time to start work @javierererie

⚒ Design

D&T Design Notes Made by Javier (@javierererie) Sources: Dunman Secondary School Notes, 7059 Syllabus View this document in PRINT VIEW for best experience. This section may contain resources that can be referenced for both theory & coursework . The Design Model 2 Needs Analysis 2 Identifying Needs 2 Problem Situation, Design Brief, Design Specifications 3 Research 4 Social & Sustainable Design 7 Ideation Techniques 8 Detailed Development 9 Using mock-ups to design 10 Model testing and documentation 10 Model materials 11 Evaluation 12 Refer to Materials in Design notes here Page 1 || D&T – Design Notes || @javierererie

The Design Model Source: SEAB Design & Technology 7059 GCE O-Level Syllabus (2025) Document The Design Model is the core “basis” of the entire Design process. You will follow it throughout your entire coursework making process. Needs Analysis Identifying Needs PIES, 5W1H, Product Research, Brainstorming, Mindmapping, Imageboard & Moodboard PIES 5W1H ● P hysical needs ● I ntellectual needs ● E motional needs ● S ocial needs ● W ho – affected? ● W hat – problem? ● W hen – period & duration where problem occurs? ● W here – problem found at where? ● W hy – critical that problem is solved? ● H ow – did problem emerge in the first place / what are the circumstances? Mindmapping ● Structure thoughts on paper, showing links between them ● Use to analyse theme ● After mindmapping, list design opportunities in table to assess pros and cons before concluding Page 2 || D&T – Design Notes || @javierererie

Problem Situation, Design Brief, Design Specifications Problem Situation Design Brief ● Identify with 5W1H o W ho – target user o W hat – potential problem o W here – location o W hy – reasons leading to problem o W hen – time/period ● To design and make a product, for the user/people at place to solve the problem/function. Design Specifications ● List of attributes of the product ● Directly influenced by design considerations ● Ensure design and development of a product meets the needs of the target user ● Used as a guide for the entire design process by providing clear directions and serves as a reference to the designers. ● Used during: o Ideation – select idea o Development – make suitable design decisions o Evaluation – check if prototype meets DS ● Includes critical needs such as: o Aesthetics o Comfort o Size o Safety o Functions o Material Design Needs ● State a problem and reason with solution (theory) Page 3 || D&T – Design Notes || @javierererie

Research Primary/Secondary Data, Observational Research, Product Analysis, Survey Note: important to make sure info is up to date & applicable to target user! Primary data Secondary data ● Data collected by you, comes directly from experiments / contributions from others in discussions and surveys ● Example: o Survey o Interview o Observations o Product analysis ● Data collected by someone else, extracted from existing publications or databases ● Example: o Internet o Articles o Videos / TV programmes o Statistical information from marketing companies Observational Research ● The user looks at an event or activity with an intent to collect information about the problem or user. ● Process: 1. Photo-taking / Sketching / Video-recording / Note-taking etc. 2. Write down observations 3. Elaborate problems through writing and sketching 4. Consequence of user’s habits / actions Page 4 || D&T – Design Notes || @javierererie

Product Analysis Analyse Product : ACCESSFM Analyse Parts A esthetics ● Describe looks ➡ Appeal to users? Why? Shape/ colour/ appearance? S ize ● (L x B x H)mm. Too big/small? Portable? Function ● Purpose? Colour ● Bright / Dull, & why? C ost ● Expensive/Cheap? Will it be a factor for users when buying the product? S afety ● Safe to use? Any safety or health concerns when using the products? Safety / Comfort ● Comfortable & safe to use? How can you tell? What are the safety features? Texture ● Feeling on the surface? Why, & any purpose? C ustomer ● Target users? Why? Addresses the users’ needs? Comfortable to use? F unction ● Purpose of part? Advantage/Disadvantage to have? Shape ● Purpose of shape? (e.g. easier to hold/store) Advantages ● Positive features of design? Why? E nvironment ● Will the design or materials used impact the environment? M aterial and Manufacture ● Plastic, Metal or Wood? Why? Properties of the material? Appearance ● Appealing? Why? Disadvantages ● Negative features of design? Why? ● Approach: 1. Identify , Name , and Analyse the parts 2. Sketch to show how the product works & trigger/develop new ideas/solutions 3. Identify the important feature & analysis and summarise learning points at the end of the analysis (may be used for design considerations) Material ● Plastic, Metal or Wood? Why? Properties? Users ● Target users? Why? Page 5 || D&T – Design Notes || @javierererie

Survey Questions & Data Representation ● Tools to gather information (needs, habits, etc) about individuals (users), such as their opinions & preferences ● Can be created before or after the product is made. ● Important to craft out the questions properly so responses are useful to use. ● Types of questions: Closed-ended, Structured, Open-ended, Rating ● Present data with: o Pie chart o Bar graph o Summary table o Mind maps Types of Questions Closed questions Structured Questions ● Single, factual response. E.g. What colour are your eyes? ● Break long questions into smaller parts. E.g. Do you own a mobile phone? If your answer to the question was ‘yes’ then please answer question 1a – 1d. Otherwise, proceed to Q2. Open-ended questions Rating questions ● Express opinions freely without being restricted to predefined responses. E.g. What do you like or dislike about this design? ● Indicate an attitude or opinion based on a ranking scale E.g. How would you rate this product? __Excellent __Good __Average __Poor Page 6 || D&T – Design Notes || @javierererie

Social & Sustainable Design Socially responsible design ● an attitude that emphasises the needs & experiences of people > concerns of form or aesthetics ● may come from humanist perspectives emphasising the cultural value & meanings of places ● it ensures that our designs do not negatively impact the environment and society, and inste