Tourism Notes Topic 1-3

⛩ Tourism Tourism Activity - Topic 1.1 Tourism System What is a tourist? Someone who makes a trip outside their usual environment For leisure and personal purposes Domestic Travel within country International Travel abroad to another country What is a tourist system? Tourist Generating Region The region where tourist come from Offered products (from businesses and others) E.g. Tour packages Transit Route Links tourist generating region with tourist destination region T ourism 1

Stopover points > Convenience Tourist Destination Region Attracts tourist Has attraction, facilities and amenities > Cater to the needs of tourists Experiences consequences of tourism development These interconnected components function to enable people to travel from one tourism generating to destination region How do the availability of transit routes influence travel between regions? Influences volume and direction of travel Limited/ inconvenient transit routes > Volume low E.g. Lack of direct flights between SG and Brazil > Inconvenient travel route > Fewer tourists from SG to Brazil. Availabletransit routes > Volume high Convenient/ attractive route available > Direction of travel (might) change Tourists > Travel via transit routes instead of direct E.g. 8h flight from SG to New Delhi, India > Shorter flight to Bangkok, Thailand > Then, continue to New Delhi. What is the relationship between tourist generating and destination regions? Movement between tourists generating and destination regions Due to push factors (from tourists generating) Due to pull factors (from tourists destination) Push factors at generating regions Cause them to leave Stressful work environments Unpleasant living environments Pull factors at destination regions Attract tourists Places of scenic beauty T ourism 2

Overcrowding and pollution Lack or recreational and entertainment purposes Special events such as concerts and festivals Attractions, facilities, amenities Tourists, businesses and organisations in tourists generating and destination regions are mutually dependent Tourists require the services of tour operators > plan their trips Tour operators depend on hotels > Plan accommodations for tourists > Hotels earn profits How does tourism interact with nature, communities and economies within the local environment and beyond? It can impact negatively and positively Positive Tourists pay local villagers and teach them about their traditions Generate revenue Economic) Preserve local culture Negative Tourists visit nature parks and areas Irresponsibly leave waste Cause environmental degradation Can even cause attraction to close > Affect local communities Influences local economies (+ve) Tourism > Contributes to global economy Impact environments (-ve) Contributed to 8% of global greenhouse gases Burnt fossil fuels from planes) > Contributes to global warming T ourism 3

Changes in community, economy and nature within the environment can affect tourism systems Events (e.g. Earthquakes) affect the desire to travel > Affect tourists numbers Fewer tourists past through transit routes Incomes in destination region and transit routes decreases > Economic downturn Environmental damage reduced (+ve) E.g. 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami Decrease in desire to visit Japan > Safety risk due to widespread destruction of infrastructure > Decrease in tourists Tourism Activity - Topic 1.2 Reason that Led to Growth of Tourism Factors of growth of tourism: Motivation to travel Need for relaxation Need to achieve personal growth and self fulfilment Need to discover unique travel experiences Ability to travel Increase in disposable incomes Increase in leisure time Business innovations in the tourism-related industry Lower transport costs Lower accommodation costs Mobility to travel Expansion of public transport services and infrastructure Introduction to new modes of travel Increase in private car ownership Motivation to travel refers to the set of needs that can satisfied by travelling - Increase in an appeal for travel The need for relaxation T ourism 4

Due to the increasing stress and pressures of work and hectic lifestyles > Increases motivation to travel to relief stress More people would find travel as a way to rest and rejuvenate People travel to engage in different tourists activities to relax Seek nature to escape urban environment > Rest and enjoy the scenic views E.g. Phuket Thailand, to explore the beach which are famous for its beaches, which is a great place to rest and relax Recreational activities such as theme parks > Different from their daily lives > Escape from their worries E.g. Universal studios Theme parks > Features rides, attractions The need to achieve personal growth and self fulfilment A way to for self-growth and achieve their fullest potential Helps them develop themselves further by learning something new or improving existing knowledge and skills E.g. Cooking schools in Bali that cater to touristʼs desire to learn about Balinese cuisine Some people also take part in activities > Challenging > To fulfil their potential > Stretched physically and emotionally > Achieve personal growth Climbing Mount Everest > Challenge themselves > Push themselves to their fullest potential The need to discover unique travel experiences Satisfy their curiosity Explore different cultures and environments that are not widely known and travelled to Participate in uncommon and special activities Social media raised interest > Appeal younger travelers T ourism 5

E.g. Tourism number in Antarctica (worldʼs last inhabited regions) > Increase number of tourists > Due to more accessible travel route Ability to travel refers to the conditions that allow an individual to make trips - Increase in frequency to travel Increase in disposable incomes Economic development > Greater spending of travel Japan, North America, Western Europe (after WWII India and China > Rapidly developing > Fast growing middle class > Large demand of travel E.g. China GDP x4 Tourism grew from 10 mil. departures in 1999, to 154 mil. departures in 2019. Increase in leisure time Free from responsibilities Government and business > Gave more leisure time More time to travel > Increase ability of workers to pay and enjoy their travels E.g. France > Minimum paid leave of 25 days > Help boost tourism in the EU Business innovations in the tourism related-industry Provide value-for money experiences More affordable > Increase in demand E.g. Websites and applications Klook Compare trip prices and reviews > Book trips from their website with promotional offers Lower transport costs Reliant on air transport > Air fares drop > Increasingly affordable T ourism 6

Budget airlines > Use fuel-efficient planes > Reduce fuel costs > Significantly lower costs E.g. AirAsia > Offer significantly lower prices > Increasing in popularity in SEA Lower accommodation costs Variety of accommodation increase Rented properties Hotels Bed and breakfast stays More accommodation options > Cater to a range of budgets > More affordable E.g. AirBnB Offers many options > Connects people who want to rent their houses Mobility in travel refers to the ability to move around easily and conveniently to destinations - Increase in accessibility and convenience Expansion of public transport services and infrastructure Construction of transport infrastructure (roads, railways, airports) > Connectivity increase > Shorter travel times E.g. Opening Changi Airport Terminal 4 More flights from other parts of the world to SG Increase in public bus and train routes > Seamlessconnections > More convenient for tourists E.g. Public transport in SG greatly expanded DTL To increase in accessibility of tourists attractions GBTB, MBS, CBD Equipped with clear maps and signage > Multiple languages > Better navigation Introduction of new modes of travel Rapid development > Transportation technology T ourism 7

Travel faster and further > Via land, air and sea E.g. Shinkans