RVHS 2026 Prelims 9173-01 QP

RIVER VALLEY HIGH SCHOOL General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Preliminary Examination 2026 Higher 2 GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 Additional Materials: 1 Insert READ TH ESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST 9173/01 14 September 2026 3 hours An answer booklet will be provided with this question paper. You should follow the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. Section A Answer both questions. Section B Answer two questions, one from each cluster. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 4 printed pages and 1 Insert. [Turn over

I 2 Section A Answer BOTH questions. Cluster 1: Development, Economy and Environment 1 Outsourcing and offshoring of industries and services form part of the wider global shift towards Asia. Bengaluru in southern India has been a popular location for the outsourcing and offshorlng of information technology (IT), manufacturing and services by transnational corporations (TNCs) from India, the UK, Europe and the USA for several decades. Resource lA shows some reasons why IT TNCs have been attracted to Bengaluru, whilst Resource 18 shows some opinions about costs and benefits of offshoring and outsourcing industry to Bengaluru. Resource 2 illustrates the value of international trade per capita (in US$) across selected countries in 2019. Resource 3 shows Apple's supply chain by number of suppliers across different regions in 2023 and 2024. Resource 4 is a 2026 extract from Apple's annual accounting of the working and environmental conditions in its supply chain, often In developing nations where enforcement of labour laws and environmental regulations is weak. (a) Using Resource 1, explain how the IT TNCs have impacted the sustainable development of Bengaluru? [7] (b) Using Resource 2, explain one strength and one limitation of using international trade per capita to illustrate interconnectedness within the global economy. [4] (c) Explain how states can influence patterns of international trade. [6] (d) Cite data from Resource 3 to describe the changes in Apple's supplier distribution across different regions between 2023 and 2024. [ 4] ( e) With reference to Resource 3, suggest reasons for the changes in Apple's suppliers from 2023 to 2024. [ 4] (f) Using Resource 4, explain how Apple's management of its supply chain may affect labour conditions in developing countries. [S]

3 Cluster 2: Tropical Environments 2 Resource 5 shows variation in hydrological outputs and pathways among different tree cover extents. Resource 6 shows the Mekong Delta with indications of the historical coastlines of the delta. Resource 7 shows the changes in mangrove areas and water surfaces for aquaculture in the Mekong Delta between 1950 and 2015. Resource 8 shows the primary environmental pressures on the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (a) (b) (c) (d) With reference to Resource 5, describe the relationship between tree cover extent and hydrological pathways. [5] With reference to Resource 5, explain how tree cover affects the storage of water in a drainage basin. [6] Explain why water storage in a drainage basin might change over time. [4] Describe the geomorphic processes that have created the landform shown in Resource 6. [6] (e) Citing data from Resource 7, compare the changes in mangrove area with the area of water surfaces for aquaculture in the Mekong Delta between 1950 and 2015. [ 4] (f) With reference to Resources 7 and a, explain how human activities can impact the ability of deltas to provide ecosystem services. [SJ

r 4 Section B Answer EITHER Question 3 OR Question 4 and answer EITHER Question 5 OR Question 6. Cluster 1: Development, Economy and Environment 3 'Challenges limiting progress towards sustainable development are difficult to overcome for all countries.' Evaluate this statement. (20] 4 Evaluate the varying influence of multilateral institutions on states. [20] Cluster 2: Tropical Environments 5 Evaluate why strategies to manage fluvial floods in the humid tropics vary in their success. [20] 6 'The weathering of rocks in the tropics is greatly influenced by natural factors.' Evaluate this statement. [20]