SJI 2025 MS

St. Joseph’s Institution Year 4 Preliminary Examination 2025 Geography 2260/02 Qn Answer Marks 1(a) With reference to Figs. 1.1 and 1.2, describe the impacts of the interactions between nature and human environments. Award 1 mark for each description of one positive and one negative impact. Award 1 additional mark for further elaboration of an impact. Possible responses include: Positive ● The presence of green spaces and urban wildlife enhances the mental health and well-being of local communities where people can relax and exercise such as walking and jogging. (TB pg 3) [1] Negative ● However, littering or careless disposal of food waste in the neighbourhood or feeding of the wildlife can lead to changes in the habits and behaviour of wildlife. [1] This leads to an increase in human-wildlife conflict when animals associate food with people. The monkeys may snatch food from the people and cause injuries to the people. [1 additional mark] 3 1(b) With reference to Fig. 1.3, suggest how people may acquire a sense of place in their neighbourhood. Award 1 mark for each suggestion to a maximum of 2 marks. Possible responses include: ● Repeated encounters such as daily visits to the 3G fitness corners create meanings and memories for the young and old [1] ● Regular interactions with the people in this shared community space will enable them to feel a sense of belonging to their neighbourhood [1] 2 1(c) Using Figs. 1.4 and 1.5, explain the importance of disaster risk management in neighbourhoods. Award 1 mark for using evidence from Fig. 1.4 to support the explanations. Award 1 mark for each explanation on the importance of disaster risk management (with reference to Fig. 1.5), to a maximum of 2 marks. Possible responses include: 3 1

● There has been a 10.6% increase of fire calls from 2022 to 2024 with residential buildings contributing to the greatest number of fires in 2024 (48.6%) [1] ● Disaster risk management such as learning how to use fire extinguishers will improve the residents’ emergency preparedness in times of small fire outbreaks. [1] ● This ensures that the vulnerability of residents and properties to fire hazards will be reduced [1] Or ● It reduces a neighbourhood’s exposure to the hazard as the residents have been trained how to put out small fires. [1] 1(di) Using Figs. 1.6 and 1.7, evaluate the suitability of the location for the students’ data collection. Award 1 mark for an evaluation that provides support for the suitability of the location Award 1 mark for an evaluation that does not support the suitability of the location. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of the evaluation. Possible responses include: Suitable ● The location is at the link bridge that connects to the sports complex at the community centre and thus there will be a high footfall providing a larger number for the data collection. [1] ● A larger sample size generally leads to more reliable and accurate results as it reduces the likelihood of sampling errors. [1 additional mark] Unsuitable ● The location is connected to Bukit Panjang Plaza and there may be people who are using the link bridge to go there instead of the sports complex. [1] As such, this may not provide a representative view of what the students intend to find out. [1 additional mark] ● There are other access points on the street level to the sports complex and the students will not be able to sample the people who use these access points. [1] Thus, this reduces the accuracy of the data collection. [1 additional mark] 3 2

1(dii) After examining the data, the students concluded that Singaporeans are actively participating healthy lifestyle activities. Using Figs. 1.8 and 1.9, evaluate the validity of the students’ conclusion. Award 1 mark for an evaluation that supports the validity of the conclusion. Award 1 mark for an evaluation that does not support the validity of the conclusion. Award 1 additional mark for further development of each evaluation. Valid ● 63% of the respondents for the questionnaire were for sporting activities such as swimming, tennis and gym workout. [1] This is a valid conclusion as it is more than half the respondents who are actively participating in healthy lifestyle activities. [1 additional mark] Not valid ● The online data is a secondary source of data so it is difficult to verify its accuracy because the data is not collected directly by the students. This makes it more difficult to determine whether the data is accurate and valid. [1] ● It also involves a degree of interpretation by the authors and may not accurately represent the original data [1 additional mark] ● Interpretation of outdoor activities as well as those organized the community club (e.g. visits to local attractions) is subjective as these activities may not necessarily promote healthy lifestyle. [1] ● The data is also outdated as the information was collected in 2011 as some people may no longer be participating in healthy lifestyle activities. [1] 3 Qn Answer Marks 2(ai) Name the stage of tourism development where overtourism occurs. Stagnation 1 2(aii) Explain how overtourism can affect the development of a tourist destination. Award 1 mark for the explanation and 1 additional mark for further elaboration. Possible responses include: ● With overtourism, the destination becomes overcrowded, and it is no longer attractive to tourists. [1] 2 3

● The facilities and attractions may decline as they become old and not maintained. Tourists stop visiting the destination and it begins to decline further. [1 additional mark] 2(b) Using Fig. 2.1, compare the domestic and international passenger traffic in Indian airports from 2015 to 2023. Award 1 mark for comparing a similarity and 1 mark for a difference. Award 1 additional mark for each comparison that is supported with processed data. Possible responses include: Similar ● Both saw a sharp decline in passenger traffic from 2020 to 2021. [1] ● Domestic passenger traffic decreased by about 62.5% from 2020 to 2021 (280mil in 2020 to 105 mil) while international passenger traffic declined by about 83.3% in that same period (60 mil in 2020 to 10 mil in 2021). [1 additional mark] Difference ● Domestic passenger traffic is always higher than international passenger traffic. [1] ● Growth in international passenger traffic is generally gradual/consistent from 2015 to 2020 with about 40% increase (50 mil to 70 mil) while domestic traffic saw a much higher increase of 86.6% (150mil to 280mil.) [1 additional mark] ● However, the recovery from 2021 to 2023 for domestic traffic was lower with an increase of 166.6% (105mil to 280mil) while international traffic had an exponential increase of 500%. [1] 4 2(c) Suggest two reasons for the growth in health tourism. Award 1 mark for e