CGSS 2026 MS

1 This document consists of 13 printed pages. [Turn over Class: Register No: Name: CRESCENT GIRLS’ SCHOOL SECONDARY FOUR PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2026 HUMANITIES Paper 2 Geography Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Insert 2260/02 25 August 2026 1 hour 45 minutes MARK SCHEME `

2 [Turn over Section A Answer Question 1 and Question 2. 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life (a) Figure 1.1 (Insert) shows an Instagram post on the Ministry of Defence’s (MINDEF) account of the community celebrations on National Day in Singapore. (i) Using Figure 1.1, describe how such activities can promote a greater sense of place for citizens. [3] Possible answers: • [Geographical term] Significant memorable event • Event of significance at a familiar gathering place. • Creation of positive memories for families who attend the NDP celebrations in the community areas. • Commemorating a significant event of historic / symbolic significance. • Transformation of a location from a space into a memorable place due to the conduct of community events. (ii) State another type of media that can be used by residents to express their sense of place. [1] Possible answers: • Written texts / Audio clips or recordings / Graphic displays / etc. (b) Figure 1.2 (Insert) shows a typical scene in a South East Asian city. (i) Using Fig. 1.2, describe one negative consequence of dense vehicular traffic in urban neighbourhoods [2] Possible answers: • Dense vehicular traffic lead to Air pollution hazard. • Vehicles produce large amounts of pollution through their exhausts emissions like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, etc. • Dense vehicular traffic in urban neighbourhoods lead to an increase in the concentration of exhaust emissions produced and worsening the air polllution hazard.

3 (ii) Explain how cities can alleviate the consequences in (i) through enhancing Regulating Ecosystem Services. [2] Possible answers: • Enhancing regulating ecosystem services can be achieved by planting more plants and trees in parks. • The trees or other plants will help regulate air quality by removing polutants like CO2. (c) A group of students wanted to study how pervasive were senior friendly amenities were used in HDB estates. They surveyed 200 senior s across 3 residential estates across 2 months. They came up with the following hypothesis to test: ‘Seniors appreciate the senior friendly amenities in their estates.’ Fig. 1.3 (Insert) shows the questions in the questionnaire survey used. Fig. 1.4 (Insert) shows the data collected from their survey. (i) Using Fig. 1.3, evaluate the effectiveness of the questions used in the questionnaire to gather data for testing the hypothesis. [3] Possible answers: • [Effective] Question 3 and 4 deal directly with the effectiveness of the presence of senior friendly amenities allowing the data collected to verify the hypothesis. • [Effective] Closed ended questions used to collect quantitative data that is ideal to test and verify hypothesis. • [Not Effective] All 4 questions missing options for other answers. This may lead to a loss of additional details that respondents may have to enrich the data. • [Not Effective] The lack of open -ended questions also lead to a loss of additional details and examples that the respondents may have.

4 (ii) Using Fig. 1.4 , evaluate the success of the senior -friendly inclusive features. [3] Possible answers: • The data collected from Question 1 and Question 3 show s that the intensity of use and mobility support provided by the senior -friendly inclusive features are successful. • 85% of the surveyed responded positively that they have used the senior- friendly inclusive features regularly (several times a month or more). • 85% of the surveyed responded that the senior-friendly inclusive features made mobility easier. [Total: 14]

5 2 Cluster 2: Tourism (a) Study Fig. 2.1 which shows the international tourist arrivals in Singapore from 1970 to 2010 from China, Indonesia, Australia, Japan and other countries including Malaysia. Award 1m for each accurately completed graph for China and Japan. Graphs should be plotted accurately with the appropriate symbols. Fig. 2.1 Fig. 2.2

6 (ii) Describe the trend of Chinese tourist arrivals shown in Fig. 2.1. [2] Possible Answer: • [Overall trend] Chinese interational arrivals in Singapore increased from 1970 to 2010. • The increase was by 1.168 million tourists, from 0.002 milli on in 1970 to 1.17 million in 2010. • There was a slow increase between 1970 to 1990 but it more than doubled from 1990 to 2000 and doubled again from 2000 to 2010. (iii) Account for the trend of Chinese arrivals from 1970 to 2010. [3] Possible Answer: • There was a rapid growth and development in the Chinese economy between 1970 to 1990 , this led to an increase in their ability to afford travel and hence a rise in international tourist arrivals in Singapore. • Disposable income for the Chinese population increased due to the large number of them becoming employed in different occupations. T his fueled an increase in demand for regional tourism and causing a rise in international tourist arrivals in Singapore. • The continued growth of the Chinese economy to the 2010s led to the large increase in tourists to the region since 1990. With the increase in profits, many Chinese people were now able to afford international travel, hence causing a rise in international tourist arrivals in Singapore. • Accept other logical answers that may cover motivation / mobility / ability factors that lead to a rise in tourist demands. (b) Explain how business innovations like alternative accommodations help grow international tourism. [2] Possible Answer: • With the increase in variety of accommodation types from rented properties to hotels and bed and breakfast stays, accommodation costs have fallen. • Businesses like AirBnB allow property owners to rent their properties out to tourists at different prices, catering to a range of different budgets and lowering costs. This makes the overall costs of travelling lower and grows international tourism. (c) Suggest what a tourist destination can do to avoid moving to a stage of decline after it reaches stagnation stage. [3]

7 Possible Answer: • [Suggestion] The local authorities can embark on renovation of current facilities and attractions. • [Additional expansion] With funding from private or government sources, existing facilities that are run down and in states of disrepair can be demolished, rebuilt or refurbished to a proper state to continue attracting new visitors. • [Suggestion] Identify a new target group and rebranding the destination to attract the newly identified group of tourists. • [Additional expansion] Destinations can re -market themselves to target different groups of travellers like niche groups (cyclists / hikers / muslim-friendly/ etc). This would enable them to attract new visitors who previously have not visited and increase the tourism numbers and rejuvenate the destination. • [Suggestion] Building of new attractions like leisure resort developments or theme parks. • [Additional expansion] Destinations can work with international brands to build and open new attractions like Universal Studios or Disneyland to attract a different tourist crowd that may not have considered the destination in the past. (d) Study Fig. 2.3 (Insert) which shows an advertisement by a tour agency for a tour of Mongolia. (i) Using Fig. 2.3 (Insert), describe how a Dependable tourist would find this tour appealing. [3] Possible Answer: • [Point] De