ANDSS 2026 H(E) QP+MS

O ANDERSON SECONDARY SCHOOL Preliminary Examination 2026 Secondary Four Express & Secondary Five Normal Academic CANDIDATE NAME: CLASS: / INDEX NUMBER: Humanities Paper 2 History The Making of the 20 th Century Modern World, 1910s – 1991 2261/02 26 August 2026 1 hour 50 minutes 0800-0950h Additional Materials: Writing paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class and index number on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid/tape. Section A Answer all parts of Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. Write your answers on the writing paper provided. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For examiner’s use only: Section A / 30m Section B / 20m Total / 50 marks This document consists of 6 printed pages. Setter: Ms Jasmine Lee

2 Section A: Source-Based Case Study Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates. Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 (a) Study Source A. Why was this cartoon published at this time? Explain your answer. [5] (b) Study Source B. How useful is this source as evidence about the formation of NATO? Explain your answer. [6] (c) Study Sources C and D. How different are these two sources? Explain your answer. [5] (d) Study Sources E and F. Having read Source F, how surprised are you by Source E? Explain your answer. [6] (e) Study all the sources. “The formation of NATO increased Cold War tensions in Europe.” How far do these sources support this view? Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer. [8] S4E Hum: HE Prelim (2026)

3 Did the formation of NATO increase Cold War tensions in Europe? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you answer some of the questions. After the Second World War, relations between the USA and the Soviet Union became increasingly strained. While both countries had worked together during the war, they disagreed over how Europe should be rebuilt and secured afterwards. The USA wanted to promote democracy and economic recovery, while the USSR sought to establish friendly communist governments in Eastern Europe to protect its security. As tensions grew, the USA and its allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) in 1949. The Soviet Union viewed NATO as a threat and responded by strengthening its control over Eastern Europe and forming the Warsaw Pact in 1955. As both sides became more suspicious of each other's intentions, Europe became increasingly divided into rival blocs. Did the formation of NATO increase Cold War tensions in Europe? Source A: A British cartoon published in a newspaper on 6 April 1949. S4E Hum: HE Prelim (2026)

4 Source B: An extract from US President Harry Truman's address at the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949. The nations represented here are determined to safeguard the freedom and security of their peoples. The North Atlantic Treaty is not directed against any nation. It is directed solely against aggression. We have learned from the experience of two world wars that peace cannot be preserved if free nations stand alone. By joining together in a common effort for collective security, the members of this treaty seek to prevent future conflict and promote stability in Europe. The treaty does not threaten any country. Rather, it provides assurance that any attempt to use force against a member state will be met by the united resolve of all. Source C: Adapted from a speech by Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Vyshinsky to the United Nations General Assembly on September 1949. The North Atlantic Pact is not an instrument of peace but a military alliance directed against the Soviet Union and the democratic states of Eastern Europe. Under the pretext of collective security, the United States is creating a bloc that divides Europe into opposing camps. Such actions increase international tension and undermine the possibility of peaceful cooperation among nations. Instead of strengthening the United Nations, this military grouping encourages suspicion and confrontation. The peoples of Europe have suffered enough from war. They do not need new military alliances that risk creating fresh conflicts and deepen the division of the continent. Source D: An extract from the North Atlantic Treaty signed by twelve countries in Washington D.C., 4 April 1949. The Parties to this Treaty reaffirm their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and governments. They are determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage and civilisation of their peoples, founded on the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law. They seek to promote stability and well-being in the North Atlantic area and are resolved to unite their efforts for collective defence and for the preservation of peace and security. An armed attack against one member shall be considered an attack against them all. S4E Hum: HE Prelim (2026)

5 Source E: A Soviet propaganda cartoon published in 1950. It depicts the USA and its Western allies skating on an ice rink representing Europe. Source F: An extract from the Warsaw Pact Treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, 14 May 1955. The contracting parties, desiring to ensure the security of the peace-loving states of Europe, have agreed to establish a system of collective defence. The recent inclusion of