NHHS 2026 H(E) MS

Page 1 of 24 CANDIDATE NAME CENTRE CLASS INDEX NUMBER NUMBER HUMANITIES (HISTORY) 2261/02 Paper 2 The Making of the 20th Century Modern World, 1910s-1991 25 August 2026 1 hour 50 minutes Additional materials: Writing paper SUGGESTED ANSWER SCHEME S 2 3 8 6 NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL Preliminary Examination 2026

Nan Hua High School Humanities (History) Preliminary Examination 2026 2261/02 Page 2 of 24 Section A: Source-Based Case Study 1 (a) Study Source A. How useful is this source as evidence about UN intervention in the Korean War? Explain your answer. [5] Level Descriptor Marks L1 Answers based on undeveloped provenance E.g. Source A is useful because it is a photograph taken during the Korean War. Therefore, it must be true. 1 L2 Useful / Not useful based on superficial reading of source (e.g. inference based on provenance without reference to evidence in the photograph) E.g. Source A is useful in showing that the UN intervention was successful in pushing North Korean forces past the 38th parallel. As this photo was taken near the Yalu River, in North Korea, near China, this tells me that the UN succeeded in pushing back the North Korean forces from South Korea. 2 L3 Useful/Not Useful based on source content Award the higher mark in the level for more developed responses (evidence fully explained). N.B. To attain L3/3, responses must state a clear claim and the logic of why the source is useful/not useful , with evidence from the source. E.g. Source A is useful in showing that the UN forces were heavily influenced/controlled by the United States during the Korean War. The photo shows UN troops holding up an American flag during the Korean War, near the Yalu River. This tells me that even though the UN troops are supposed to be a coalition of forces from different UN member nations and intervened in the Korean War for UN’s purposes of ensuring collective security, that these troops are holding up the American flag shows how the troops were in fact loyal American troops in Korea to pursue American ambitions. E.g. Source A is useful in showing that the UN troops had a positive attitude towards the intervention in the Korean War/ were happy to intervene in the Korean War. I know this because many of the UN troops in the photo were smiling while they were on the battlefield in Korea. Thus this tells me that they were enthusiastic about helping the South Koreans. 3-4

Nan Hua High School Humanities (History) Preliminary Examination 2026 2261/02 Page 3 of 24 E.g. Source A is useful in showing that UN intervention was supported by the US. The photo shows UN troops holding up an American flag during the Korean War, near the Yalu River. Thus this tells me that the UN forces included American troops as well. E.g. Source A is useful in showing that UN intervention was a threat to China, as the photo shows them holding up the American flag near the Yalu River at the Manchurian border separating North Korea and China. This implies that the UN troops were possibly a threatening presence to China’s sovereignty and security due to the presence of American troops near the Chinese border , as I know from my contextual knowledge that the USA was opposed to China after the end of the Chinese Civil War, with the establishment of communism in China. E.g. Source A is not useful as evidence about UN intervention in the Korean War because it is only a photograph. Source A shows the UN troops holding up an American flag during the Korean War, near the Yalu River. While this may imply that the UN troops were heavily controlled by the United States and were fighting in the Korean War to achieve American interests, this is a photo of one moment in time during the Korean War. It is limited in providing information about UN operations and does not show the full extent of other countries and the United States’ involvement in UN peacekeeping efforts . Thus, the photo is limited in its usefulness as evidence about UN intervention in the Korean War. (4m) L4 Useful/Not useful based on cross-reference Award the higher mark in the level for more developed responses. Answers which address only reliability and not utility should be given L2/2 marks. E.g. Source A is useful as it is reliable , due to my contextual knowledge that corroborates Source A about how UN forces were heavily influenced/controlled by the United States during the Korean War. The photo shows UN troops holding up an American flag during the Korean War, near the Yalu River. This tells me that even though the UN troops are supposed to be a coalition of forces from different UN member nations and intervened in the Korean War for UN’s purposes of ensuring collective security, that these troops are holding up the American flag shows how the troops were in fact loyal American troops in Korea to pursue American ambitions. Similarly, this is supported by my contextual knowledge that th e United States bore heavy influence over the United Nations in initiating and contributing to UN intervention in the Korean War. American President Truman put enormous pressure on the UN Security Council to pass resolutions to drive North Korea out of South Korea, and the US was the largest contributor of troops to the UN forces, which were under the command of US General Douglas MacArthur, who was even willing to use nuclear weapons on 4-5

Nan Hua High School Humanities (History) Preliminary Examination 2026 2261/02 Page 4 of 24 communist China if necessary. Since my contextual knowledge supports Source A, it makes Source A reliable, and hence useful. (5m)

Nan Hua High School Humanities (History) Preliminary Examination 2026 2261/02 Page 5 of 24 1 (b) Study Sources B and C. How far does the cartoon in Source B prove that Attlee (Source C) can be believed? Explain your answer. [6] Level Descriptor Marks L1 Answers based on undeveloped provenance E.g. Source B does not prove Source C can be believed because the cartoon is made by the Communist Party in Britain, which would oppose Attlee. 1 L2 Sources agree, so Source B proves Source C can be believed NB: This similarity is considered a weaker response as it is not the main message of Source C. E.g. Source B proves that Attlee in Source C can be believed as they agree that the United States had influence over the United Nations. Source B shows Truman whipping the “U.N. rump”, which represents the United Nations forces intervening in the Korean War, of which American General MacArthur is depicted at the head, showing American leadership and initiative in the UN efforts during the Korean War/the United States was controlling or forcing the UN to do their bidding . Similarly, Attlee in Source C said that “ the United States government went to the United Nations, arranged that there should be full and free elections, and left the government of that country to the Koreans. ” Thus this shows how the US had supported the UN in holding elections in Korea after World War II, before the Korean War broke out. 2 L3 Sources disagree, so Source B proves that Source C cannot be believed E.g. Source B proves that Attlee in Source C cannot be believed as they disagree on the reason why the United Nations intervened in the Korean War. Source B shows Truman whipping the “U.N. rump”, which represents the United Nations forces intervening in the Korean War, of which American General MacArthur is depicted at the head of the “Pacific War Horse”, which implies that heavy American influence and interests drove UN participation in the Korean War/the United States was controlling or forcing the UN to do their bidding. On the other hand , Attlee in Source C, refe