ANDSS 2026 HIST PRELIM P2 QP+MS

O ANDERSON SECONDARY SCHOOL Preliminary Examination (2026) Secondary Four Express CANDIDATE NAME: CLASS: / INDEX NUMBER: HISTORY Paper 2 Developments in the post-World War II world: The Cold War and decolonisation in Southeast Asia, 1940s–1991 2174/02 31 August 2026 1 hour 50 minutes 0800 - 0950h READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST A digital answer booklet will be provided with this question paper. You must answer in the digital answer booklet. Follow the instructions on the cover page of the digital answer booklet. Section A Answer all parts of Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For examiner’s use only: Section A / 30m Section B / 20m Total / 50 marks This document consists of 7 printed pages. Setter: Mrs Elizabeth Chan

2 Section A: Source-Based Case Study Question 1 is for all candidates. Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 (a) Study Source A. How useful is Source A as evidence about Truman’s plan to provide aid to Greece and Turkey? Explain your answer. [6] (b) Study Source B. Why did the Soviet Foreign Minister make this speech in September 1947? Explain your answer. [5] (c) Study Source C. How reliable is this source as evidence about the need for US involvement in rebuilding post-war Europe? Explain your answer. [5] (d) Study Sources D and E. How far does Source E make you surprised by Source D? Explain your answer. [6] (e) Study all the sources. ‘The main aim of the Marshall Plan was to achieve economic recovery in Europe.’ How far do the sources support this view? Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer. [8] Prelim 4E HY 2026 2174/2

3 Why was the Marshall Plan implemented in Europe? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you answer some of the questions. In the aftermath of World War II, Europe lay economically devastated and politically unstable. American leaders, including President Truman and Secretary of State George Marshall, feared that Europe's vulnerability would leave it susceptible to the spread of communism. As early as June 1947, Marshall proposed the idea of a large-scale aid programme. By May 1948, the United States officially launched the Marshall Plan, providing over $13 billion to rebuild Western European economies. However, the Soviet Union viewed the Marshall Plan as an instrument of American strategic influence rather than genuine humanitarian aid. The USSR accused the USA of warmongering and using economic assistance as a tool to extend its reach into Europe. This interpretation gained some credibility when, by 1949, the United States formed NATO with many of the same European nations that had received Marshall Plan aid, suggesting that American involvement in Europe extended well beyond economic recovery. These developments deepened tensions between the two superpowers and further fuelled the Cold War. Was the Marshall Plan primarily aimed at achieving economic recovery in Europe, or was it driven by American strategic interests? Source A: A radio address by an opposition party leader, Henry Wallace, concerning Truman’s plan to propose a loan to Greece and Turkey, broadcast on 13 March 1947. President Truman, in the name of democracy and humanitarianism, proposed a loan of $400,000,000 to Greece and Turkey as a down payment on an unlimited expenditure aimed at opposing Communist expansion. Today Americans are asked to support the Governments of Greece and Turkey. Tomorrow we shall be asked to support the Governments of China and Argentina. America cannot afford to spend billions and billions of dollars for unproductive purposes. President Truman cannot prevent change in the world any more than he can prevent the tide from coming in or the sun from setting. But once America stands for opposition to change, we are lost. America will become the most-hated nation in the world. Prelim 4E HY 2026 2174/2

4 Source B: Adapted from a speech made by Soviet Foreign Minister to the United Nations General Assembly in September 1947. The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan clearly show how the United Nations is ignored and its principles are violated. Recent months prove that the United States government has abandoned international cooperation and joint action among major powers. Instead, the US tries to force its will on independent nations. It openly uses economic aid meant for needy countries as a tool for political pressure. This is proven by US actions in Greece and Turkey, which completely bypass the United Nations, and by the proposed Marshall Plan in Europe. This policy directly violates the General Assembly resolution of 11 December 1946, which states that relief supplies must never be used as political weapons. Source C: A *memorandum by Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs, William Clayton, to George Marshall, published May 1947. Clayton had been in frequent consultation with Western European leaders about their economies. Without further prompt and substantial aid from the United States, economic, social and political disintegration will overwhelm Europe. Aside from the awful implications which this would have for the future peace and security of the world, the immediate effects on our domestic economy would be disastrous: markets for our surplus production gone, unemployment, depression, a heavily unbalanced budget on the background of a mountainous war debt. These things must not happen. Our resources and ability to produce goods are more than enough to provide all the help that is needed. The President must make a strong appeal to the American people to make some sacrifices, to tighten their belts a little, in order to save Europe from starvation and chaos and, at the same time,