Topic_B_Biomolecules_H1H2_2015_Lecture(Teachers)

NANYANG JUNIOR COLLEGE H1/H2 Biology Biomolecules J1/2015 1 TOPIC B: BIOMOLECULES Learning Outcome Candidates should be able to Core Topic 1 – Cellular Functions (c) Describe the formation and breakage of a glycosidic bond. (d) Analyse the molecular structure of a triglyceride and a phospholipid, and relate these structures to their functions in living organisms. (e) Describe the structure of an amino acid and the formation and breakage of a peptide bond. (f) Explain the meaning of the terms primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary of proteins, an d describe the types of bonding ( hydrogen, ionic, disulfide and hydrophobic interactions) which hold the molecule in shape. (g) Analyse the molecular structure of a protein with a quat ernary structure e.g. haemoglobin, as an example of a globular protein, and of collagen as an example of a fibrous protein, and relate these structures to their functions. Core Topic 6 – Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry (f) Compare the storage and structural forms of starch, glycogen and cellulose and their roles in plants and animals. Content Outline 1. Introduction 2. Carbohydrates (a) Monosaccharides (b) Disaccharides (c) Polysaccharides 3. Lipids (a) Triglycerides (b) Phospholipids (c) Steroids and Sterols 4. Proteins (a) Amino acids (b) Structure of protein (c) Types of protein (d) Denaturation References 1. Campbell, N. A. and Reece J.B. (2008) Biology Eighth edition. Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules. Pearson Education, Inc 2. Clegg, C. J. and MacKean, D. J. (2000) Advanced Biology, Principles and Applications. Second edition. Chapter 6: The Chemistry of Living Things. John Murray (Publisers) Ltd. 3. Jones, M. and Jones, G. (20 04) Advanced Biology. Chapter 1: The Molecules of Life. Cambridge University Press. 4. Voet, D. and Voet, J.G. (2004) Biochemistry Thrid edition. Chapter 8: Three -dimensional Structures of Protein. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 5. Taylor, D. J. , Green, N. P. O. an d Soper, R. (2001) Biological Science 1. Third Edition. Chapter 3: Chemicals of Life. Cambridge University Press. 6. Roberts, M. , Reiss, M. and Monger, G. (2000) Advanced Biology. Chapter 2: The Chemicals of Life. Nelson.

NANYANG JUNIOR COLLEGE H1/H2 Biology Biomolecules Carbohydrates J1/2015 2 1. Introduction Cells and their contents are built up by many biomolecules. The structure and function of these molecules are essential to the working of the cell and life itself. Some important biomolecules and their functions are:  Carbohydrates: main energy source and storage  Lipids: main component of cell membrane and energy storage  Proteins: structural and enzymatic function  Nucleic acids: store and transmit hereditary information The monomers (basic units) of important biomolecules 2. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the most abundant class of bi