SRJC_H2_HIST_P1

This document consists of 4 printed pages. © Serangoon Junior College 2015 [Turn over SERANGOON JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2015 Higher 2 HISTORY 9731/01 Paper 1 International History, 1945-2000 Thursday, 20 August 2015 3 hours Additional Materials: Cover Page Answer Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and civics tutorial group in the spaces provided on the cover page and on every sheet of answer paper. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Write clearly the question numbers on the first page of every question attempted and the cover page. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid and tape. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear handwriting in your answer, and to leave two lines between each paragraph on the answer paper.

© Serangoon Junior College 2015 9731/01 2015 JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION [Turn over 2 Section A You must answer Question 1 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND UNITED NATIONS PEACE OPERATIONS 1 Read the sources and then answer the question which follows. When answering Question 1 candidates are advised to pay particular attention to the interpretation and evaluation of the sources both individually and as a group. Source A It is particularly the achievements of peacekeeping ventures in the past two years that have renewed interest in and discussion of the present and future role of the United Nations and of peacekeeping as a viable technique in conflict management. Peacekeep ers typically serve two functions: 1) observing the peace (monitoring and reporting on the maintenance of cease -fires); and 2) actively keeping the peace (providing law and order or separating warring armies and establishing zones of disengagement). UN military forces usually are composed of troops from small or non -aligned states; permanent members of the Security Council are permitted to make troop contributions only under exceptional circumstances. Lightly armed, these neutral troops are symbolically dep loyed between belligerents who have agreed to stop fighting and use force only in self defense and as a last resort. Their influence results from the moral weight of the international community. Peacekeeping operations are created essentially to defend th e status quo as they arrest conflict while gaining time so that the opposing parties can be brought to the negotiating table. From an article jointly written by a foreign relations expert in the US Department of Defense, and a member of UN secretariat, 1990. Source B Upon hearing news of the attack, the United States immediately called for a meeting of the United Nations Security Council, which the Soviet Union was then b