CJC H2 HIST P2 QP

© CJC 2015 This paper consists of 4 printed pages. CATHOLIC JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2015 HISTORY 9731/02 Paper 2 History of Southeast Asia, 1900 - 1997 Monday, 31 August 2015 1300-1600hrs (3 hours) No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and home tutorial group on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Section A Question 1 is compulsory. Section B Answer any 3 questions. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES All questions in this paper carry equal marks. Start each answer on a fresh sheet of paper. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.

© CJC 2015 This paper consists of 4 printed pages. Section A You must answer Question 1. THE ENLARGEMENT OF ASEAN 1. Read the sources and then answer the question which follows. Source A The inclusion of all Southeast Asian countries within one regional organisation will benefit the region … and… promote harmony by reducing intra -regional tensions. The enlargement of ASEAN also enhances its geopolitical weight in global and regional affairs, and increases its leverage in dealing with major powers. However, the most obvious disadvantage of enlargeme nt is the danger that it will become much harder for ASEAN to reach a consensus. On a more immediate basis, the inclusion of Myanmar is causing complications in ASEAN’s relations, particularly with the US and the EU. An excerpt from a publication by the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2001. Source B Vietnam’s dispute with China over competing claims in the South China Sea has now become an ASEAN problem. Unity of purpose, as seen in the Cambodian conflict, cannot be replicated over the South China Sea as the ASEAN countries have staked much on the development of economic ties with China. Should conflict erupt between China and Vietnam, the Vietnamese could not anticipate support from other ASEAN members. The most troublesome problem i s Myanmar’s admission into ASEAN as it places ASEAN in the undesirable position of being an international advocate for SLORC and a defender of human rights violations. SLORC was using ASEAN to protect its own position internationally and to deflect pressure from the West, especially in the context of their recent crackdown of democratic movements. ASEAN accordingly insisted that the issue was an internal one and that the principle of non -interference in the domestic affairs of member countries applied. Aung San Suu Ky i asked ASEAN to consider economic sanctions against SLORC, a d emand that was supported by Western delegations at the ARF. ASEAN was warned that ties with the EU could be undermined by its support for SLORC. Adapted from an article by an academic, ASEAN’s New Challenges, 1997. Source C Vietnam and its new partners have some legacies of bilateral suspicion to overcome. Relations, especially with Thailand, have been sensitive, with a considerable legacy of rivalry and suspicion of each other's intentions in relation to Laos and Cambodia. Vietnam for its part has been concerned at Thailand's eagerness to gain access to Vietnam's natural resources and these reservations have impeded the development of commercial relationships. Another important issue for AS EAN will be how Vietnam's relationship develops with the ASEAN Free Trade Area. While economic relations have been developing rapidly between the new partners, Vietnam is still consolidating the development of a market economy and there are wide disparities in wealth among the seven ASEAN members. A report to the Australian government on Vietnam’s accession to ASEAN, Aug 1995.

© CJC 2015 This paper consists of 4 printed pages. Source D The ASEAN Foreign Ministers: […] NOTING Vietnam's accession on 22 July 1992 to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia; NOTING also that the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has agreed to subscribe or accede, as the case may be, to all ASEAN's Declarations, Treaties and Agreements; THE MINISTER of Foreign Affairs of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam representing the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; and HAVING solemnly accepted the conditions of membership; NOW THEREFORE, the ASEAN Foreign Ministers and the Foreign Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam hereby agree and declare as follows: 1. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam becomes the seventh Member State of ASEAN; 2. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam solemnly agrees to subscribe or accede, as the case may be, to all the Declarations, Treaties and Agreements of ASEAN. Declaration on the Admission of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam into ASEAN, 28 July 1995. Source E ASEAN has proven that regional cooperation among developing countries is possible and can produce results. The members seem to learn from each other on how to administer and develop their countries. ASEAN countries have all been poor but are today among the most dynamic economies of the world. The world should conclude that ASEAN membership would have a steadying influence on domestic politics which would help the progress of member countries. It is regrettable that there are those who would not see the obvious. ASEAN has been urged to pass judgment, deny membership and apply pressure so as to force a potential candidate to remain poor and unstable. ASEAN must resist and reject such attempts at coercion. They are not a part of the ASEAN way. No one should assume that only they know the solutions to all problems. Now together with our new members, we can cooperate and help each other to prosper economically. That way we will become internally stable and less susceptible to outside pressures. From a keynote address by Malaysian Prime Minister, Dr Mahathir Mohamed at an Annual Ministerial Meeting, July 1997. Now answer the following question: “The enlargement of ASEAN has not proven to be beneficial for the organisation.” How far do Sources A-E agree with this statement?

© CJC 2015 This paper consists of 4 printed pages. Section B You must answer 3 questions from this section. 2. Colonial powers or nationalists: which was more significant in determining the extent of success of Southeast Asian nationalism from 1900 to 1941? 3. “The end of the colonial era in Southeast Asia was largely a result of nationalists’ gains from World War II.” Discuss. 4. How far do you agree that communism played a leading role in post-independent Southeast Asian politics? 5. To what extent were structural flaws within the Southeast Asian economies a cause of the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997? 6. Assess the view that issues of race and religion were the primary cause for inter-state disputes in independent Southeast Asia.