MJC_H2_HIST_P1

MJC/ JC2 PRELIM EXAMS 2015/ H2 HISTORY 9731 (1) 1 MERIDIAN JUNIOR COLLEGE Preliminary Examination Higher 2 ___________________________________________________________________ H2 History 9731 Paper 1: International History, 1945 - 2000 16 September 2015 3 Hours ___________________________________________________________________ READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and civics group clearly on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black ball point pen on both sides of the paper. Write the number of the question that you are attempting in the margin of every sheet of paper used. Start each question on a fresh sheet of paper. At the end of the examination, fasten this cover sheet and all your answers (in chronological order) securely together. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. All questions in this paper carry 25 marks. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. Question Marks 1 Total ___________________________________________________________________ This document consists of 4 printed pages.

MJC/ JC2 PRELIM EXAMS 2015/ H2 HISTORY 9731 (1) 2 SECTION A You must answer Question 1. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) 1. Read the sources and then answer the question which follows. Source A The docket of the International Court of Justice has grown fuller but it remains an under-used resource for the peaceful adjudication of disputes. Greater reliance on the Court would be an important contribution to United Nations peacemaking. In this connection, I call attention to the power of the Security Council under Articles 36 and 37 of the Charter to recommend to Member States the submission of a dispute to the International Court of Justice, arbitration or other dispute-settlement mechanisms. I reco mmend that the Secretary -General be authorized, pursuant to Article 96, paragraph 2, of the Charter, to take advantage of the advisory competence of the Court and that other United Nations organs that already enjoy such authorization turn to the Court more frequently for advisory opinions. All Member States should accept the general jurisdiction of the International Court under Article 36 of its Statute, without any reservation, before the end of the United Nations Decade of International Law in the year 2 000. In instances where domestic structures prevent this, States should agree bilaterally or multilaterally to a comprehensive list of matters they are willing to submit to the Court and should withdraw their reservations to its jurisdiction in the dispute settlement clauses of multilateral treaties. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, “Agenda For Peace – the tasks ahead”, 1992. Source B Year Numbers Contentious Cases Advisory proceedings 1940s 4 5 1950s 30 6 1960s 6 1 1970s 9 3 1980s 13 5 1990s 36 3 Cases referred to the ICJ since