HCI 2012 C2 Prelim Paper 2

This document consists of 4 printed pages. HWA CHONG INSTITUTION JC2 Preliminary Examination Higher 2 CANDIDATE NAME CT GROUP INDEX NUMBER HISTORY Paper 2 History of Southeast Asia, c.1900 - 1997 Additional Materials: Answer Paper 9731/02 13 September 2012 3 hours INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name and CT class clearly in the spaces at the top of this page. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Attempt both Section A and Section B. Attempt one question from Section A and only three questions from Section B. Please start every question on a fresh sheet of paper and label each question clearly. If you did not manage to complete a question, please hand in a piece of blank paper with your name and CT on it. At the end of the examination, fasten your responses with the string provided together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks.

9731/02/HCI/PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION/ 2012 2 Section A You must answer Question 1. ASEAN AND REGIONAL SECURITY 1. Read the sources and then answer the question. Source A ASEAN has been one of the most durable examples of regional multilateralism. It acts as the hub, if not the leader, of regional multilateral forums for East Asia. The fa ct that the region's most powerful players -- including China, India, and the United States - show deference to ASEAN by participating in these forums demonstrates that ASEAN still matters. ASEAN's positive image was built around three areas of accomplish ment in its first three decades. First, since 1967 no ASEAN member has engaged a fellow ASEAN member in major armed confrontation, in spite of occasional border skirmishes and bilateral territorial disputes and political tensions. Second, ASEAN was instru mental in bringing the decade -long Vietnamese- Cambodian conflict to the negotiating table in 1989 and in reaching a peace agreement in 1991. Finally, as the Cold War ended, it was ASEAN which provided the platform for building broader regional institutions that would engage a rising China and other major players in East Asia. An excerpt from an ASEAN academic’s work published in 2008. Source B Until 1995, ASEAN had not taken a public position regarding the South China Sea. But a series of unilateral Chinese actions from 1992 culminated in the Mischief Reef issue of January 1995. Two days before the bilateral talks between the Philippines and China in Beijing, on 18 March 1995, ASEAN adopted a united stand by issuing a statement calling for all parti es concerned to adhere to the letter and spirit of the Manila Declaration on the South China Sea. According to Lauro Baja Jr., Philippines Foreign Affairs Undersecretary, Manila was not getting international community aid in protesting