IJC_JC2_9731_02

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2 Section A You must answer Question 1. ASEAN SECURITY COOPERATION 1 Read the sources, and then answer the question which follows. When answering Question 1 candidates are advised to pay particular attention to the interpretation and evaluation of the Sources both individually and as a group. Source A The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Regional Forum (ARF) was one of the most conspicuous additions to the evolving security architecture in the Asia-Paci fic in the 1990s. However, from the very outset, assessments of the ARF have been shaped by questions over its usefulness and future direction. A key issue has been when and how the ARF would move beyond con fidence building to preventive diplomacy, the second of the three stages of security co-operation envisaged in the 1995 ARF Concept Paper. In the event, given the very diverse political out looks of participant states and their different vulnerabilities, even de fining preventive diplomacy proved a major challenge… Participants’ failure to move unequivocally beyond dialogue and confidence building, while nevertheless recognizing the overlap between con fidence building and preventive diplomacy, reinforced widespread criticisms of the ARF as a ‘talk shop’. Written by academic Ju¨rgen Haacke, The ASEAN Regional Forum: From Dialogue to Practical Security Cooperation, 2009. Source B The time has come for ASEAN to lay down its heavy and now risky burden of trying to find a solution to the Cambodian problem if it is not to suffer further humiliation and hurt from its Western partners. The villains and vict ims that ASEAN and its Western allies had agreed upon eleven years ago have been unilateral and unexpectedly reversed by the latter. The new objectives, now that accord has been reached between the West