CJC Preliminary Examinations 2012 Paper 1 - Question Paper

1 CATHOLIC JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2012 HISTORY 9731/01 8814/01 Paper 1 International History, 1945 – 2000 22 August 2012 No Additional Materials are required. 1300 – 1600 h (3 hours) READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and home tutorial group on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. . INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES All questions in this paper carry equal marks. Start each answer on a fresh sheet of paper. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. This question paper consists of 4 printed pages

2 © CJC 2012 | HISTORY 9731/01 & 8814/01| PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Section A You must answer Question 1. THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT 1. Read the sources and then answer the question. Source A The United Nations established the UN Special Commission on Palestine (UNSCOP) to find a solution to the growing c onflict between the indigenous Palestinian population and the large number of Zionist Jews who sought their own state in the former British mandate for Palestine (1920 – 1946). UNSCOP recommended partitioning Palestine into Jewish and Arab states and placi ng Jerusalem under international administration. The General Assembly accepted this formula in Resolution 181 (UN Partition Plan), which the Security Council endorsed. Zionist leaders accepted the plan but Palestinians and regional Arab leaders rejected it as the “theft” of Palestinian land. On May 14, 1948, Zionist leaders declared the independence of Israel within the borders assigned by Resolution 181. The Arab states… responded with military intervention. Robert Pubantz, “The UN’s longest Collective Security Crisis: the Arab-Israeli Dispute”, 2006. Source B Lester Pearson, Canada‘s Foreign Minister, campaigned for creating the UNEF… (which) proved particularly effective. The diligent efforts of Pearson… as well as many others oversaw deployment o f the UN-sponsored emergency force designed to bring peace to Suez while vowing to respect Egyptian sovereignty. In return, Nasser agreed to honour the canal‘s significance as an international artery of world trade. As a result, the international commu nity—including Britain and France —recognized Egypt‘s jurisdiction while Egyptian officials enforced nearly unfettered access to the Canal Zone. Steps taken towards enacting an Arab -Israeli peace agreement proved more complex. Deployment of the UNEF meant that a considerable portion of Egyptian -Israeli national security concerns became the UN‘s responsibility. Though slow to withdraw from the Sinai Peninsula, Israeli forces respected the UNEF mandate establishing a buffer zone that separated the belligere nts. UNEF diligence during its decade in the field virtually eliminated the abundant number of border clashes that had contributed to the heightening of Arab-Israeli tensions prior to the Suez crisis. The Arab -Israeli conflict remained, but the presence of UNEF succeeded in providing a measure of regional stability that has rarely been rivaled. Adapted from an article from an academic journal, 2010. Source C Over the course of the Arab -Israeli dispute, the United Nations has played the part of mediato r and conciliator and, the fashioner of cease-fires, and the peacekeeper.

3 © CJC 2012 | HISTORY 9731/01 & 8814/01| PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION In 1956, UNEF I was deployed to separate hostile forces in Sinai. In 1973, UNEF II was deployed for similar reasons until the Egypt/Israel peace agreement of 1979. A United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) was also deployed along the Golan Heights between Israel and Syria in 1974, and in 1978 the UNIFIL was deployed to monitor hostilities in southern Lebanon. UN peacekeeping strategies were honed and developed in the crucible of the Arab-Israeli conflict. They could not prevent wars from occurring, but they did contribute to more stable interim periods of genuine, if uneasy, stability. As long as the superpowers continued to line up in support of the opposing parties in the region, the establishment of lasting peace was quite difficult… Adapted from Robert E. Gorman, Great Debates at the United Nations, 2001. Source D The key document cited by supporters of a Palestinian right to return is Resolution 194, passed afte r the first Arab-initiated war against Israel. Through many years and multiple wars, the Arab states refused ever to recognize Israel, much less to reach a peaceful settlement. The only clause of the Resolution ever acknowledged by the Arabs was Paragraph 11, which suggested that: ‘Refugees wishing to return to their homes and live in peace with their neighbours should be permitted to do so.’ The requirement that they accept living ‘at peace with their neighbours; meant that the Palestinians had to accept Israel’s right to exist, something that very few were willing to do. Further, it did not even hint at any return of descendants of refugees. An article published by the Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America, a Jewish American organization, 1 September 2000. Source E The Security Council… 2. Calls upon Israel immediately to cease its military action against Lebanese territorial integrity and withdraw forthwith its forces from all Lebanese territory; 3. Decides, in the light of the request of the Government of Lebanon, to establish immediately under its authority a United Nations interim force for southern Lebanon (UNIFIL) for the purpose of confirming the withdrawal of Israeli forces, restoring international peace and security and a ssisting the Government of Lebanon in ensuring the return of its effective authority in the area, the force to be composed of personnel drawn from States Members of the United Nations. Adapted from the United Nations Security Council Resolution 425, 19 March 1978. Now answer the following question: How far do sources A to E support the view that the U nited Nations has been active and effective in tackling the Arab Israeli dispute from 1948 to 2000?

4 © CJC 2012 | HISTORY 9731/01 & 8814/01| PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Section B You must answer three questions from this section. 2. “The development of the Cuban Missile Crisis and its outcome was marked primarily by superpower aggression”. Discuss. 3. Assess the view that the Cold War ended as a result of the 1989 revolutions in Eastern Europe. 4. “The USA was the prime mover of the global economy.” How far do you agree with this assertion for the period 1945 to 2000? 5. How far do you agree that the Japanese economic miracle was a result of high government intervention? 6. “Regional security was heavily compromised by the In do-Pakistani dispute over Kashmir from 1947 to 2000.” Assess the validity of this statement. **** End of paper ****