2012_NYJC_J2_H2_History_prelim_P2

NANYANG JUNIOR COLLEGE Year Two Preliminary Examination 2012 HISTORY 9731/02 Paper 2 History of Southeast Asia c1900-1997 20 September 2012 3 hours No Additional Materials are required READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and civics tutorial group on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer Question 1 . Section B Answer any three questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. This document consists of 4 printed pages. [Turn over

2 9731 H2 History Year Two Preliminary Examination 2012 Section A You must answer Question 1. ASEAN AND THE SPRATLY ISLANDS CONFLICT 1. Read the sources and then answer the question. Source A "It was one of the most heated meetings in the hist ory of ASEAN," one diplomat said. Another described Cambodia, which holds the revolvi ng ASEAN chairmanship this year, as "the worst chair", and said China had effectively b ought its loyalty and that of some other states with economic donations. The deep discord revealed during the ASEAN summit h as left attempts to craft a maritime Code Of Conduct this year between ASEAN and China in tatters, raising the risk that growing incidents of naval brinkmanship over the oil-rich waters will spill over into conflict. An article published in 2012 on Reuters, an international multimedia news agency based in the UK. Source B In 1992, recognising that any conflict in the South China Sea could directly affect peace and stability in the region, ASEAN issued a declaration “urging all parties concerned to exercise restraint in order to create a positive climate for the eventual resolution of all disputes.” ASEAN further “emphasised the necessity to resolve all sovereignty and jurisdictional issues about the South China Sea by peaceful means, without resort to force.” An excerpt from the ASEAN official website. Source C China's Asia strategy is to deal with everyone bila terally so that China's weight can be used to maximum advantage. This is particularly true whe n pressing China's claims to oilfields in the South China Sea that are also claimed by ASEAN members. But ASEAN, by using solidarity as a substitute for military power, has forced China to deal with its members as a group. So when the Philippines found itself in a di spute with China over the oil-rich Mischief Reef, ASEAN stood behind the Ph