HCI_H2 Hist Prelim P2

HISTORY 9731/02 PAPER 2 History of Southeast Asia c.1900-1997 10 September 2008 3.0 hours Additional Materials: Answer Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and CT on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer four questions. You must answer Question 1 (Section A) and any three questions from Section B. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. HWA CHONG INSTITUTION College 2 Preliminary Examination 2008 General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 2 This document consists 5 printed pages. [Turn over HWA CHONG INSTITUTION 1

Section A: ASEAN 1967-1997 You must answer Question 1. ASEAN AND THE SPRATLY ISLANDS DISPUTE 1 Read the sources and then answer the question. Source A In mid-1991, fresh from diplomatic success in helping to end the Cambodian civil war, Indonesia took the initiative in seeking to open multilateral negotiations on competitive South China Sea claims, especia lly those claims involving jurisdictional disputes over the Spratly Islands. Indonesia has taken a leading role in diplomatic initiatives and cooperative agreements to resolv e South China Sea issues, particularly through the ASEAN (Association of Sout heast Asian Nations) forum, which has called for the peaceful arbitration of territorial claims. ASEAN includes all South China Sea nations except for China and Taiwan, and has held a number of working groups with China and Taiwan on related issues that have the potential to foster the cooperation and friendship needed to resolve the more contentious issues in the region. Indonesia hosted the first of these workshops in 1990. The ASEAN foreign ministers have reiterated the invitations to all parties directly concerned to subscribe to the principles of the ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea. An excerpt from an article on GlobalSecurity.org, a website which provides analyses on defence and security issues. Source B Yet ASEAN has been one of the most durable exam ples of regional multilateralism, one that commands attention and respect from r egional organizations in other parts of the developing world. It acts as the hub, if not the leader, of regional multilateral forums for East Asia. The fact that the region's most powerful players -- including China, India, and the United States -- show deference to ASEAN by participating in these forums demonstrates that ASEAN still matters. The Spratly Islands dispute with China has been set aside, but this is mainly because Beijin g is focusing on economic self-empowerment and its problems with Taiwan and hence needs to keep its qu arrels with ASEAN to a minimum as pa