AJC_JC2 History Prelims P2 2008

ANDERSON JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 HISTORY PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2008 9731(2): HISTORY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA, c.1900 – 1997 Duration: 3 hours 11 September 2008 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name and question numbers of the questions attempted on this cover page. Answer four questions. You must answer Question 1 (Section A) and any three questions from Section B. Write your answers on the separate writing paper provided. Start each answer on a fresh piece of writing paper. Draw a right-hand margin on every page of your answer scripts. Detach this cover page and attach it on top of your answer scripts, upon completion. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES All questions in this paper carry equal marks. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. Question Number: Marks 1 /25 /25 /25 /25 Total Marks: /100 Name :__________________________________ PDG :__________________________________ This document consists of 4 printed pages.

2 Section A You must answer Question 1. ASEAN AND THE CAMBODIAN CONFLICT 1 Read the sources and then answer the question. Source A ASEAN played a prominent diplomatic role dur ing the Cambodian conflict, especially in keeping the issue in the political limelight at the United Nations. In attempting to bring pressure to bear on Vietnam to withdraw, however, it did not act alone but was part of an international division of labour, including China and the United States, which employed complementary military and economic instruments of coercion. There was a period during the late 1980s when ASEAN, under the leadership of Indonesia, which had been accorded an interlocutor role in dealing with Vietnam, held a series of informal meetings in Jakarta in an attempt to find a comprehensive solution to the conflict on a regional basis but without evident success. Southeast Asian Studies expert Michael Leifer, “The ASEAN Peace Process: A Category Mistake”, in The Pacific Review , 1999. Source B ASEAN not only led the diplomatic opposition to Vietnam’s moves in Cambodia; it also actively engaged, under Indonesia’s leadership, in the diplomacy that led to the political settlement of the conflict, including the “cocktail parties”, the Jakarta Informal Meetings, consultations with the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, and the Paris Conference on Cambodia. Helped by a growing rapprochement between Beijing and Moscow (as well as between Beijing and Washington), by reportedly, a Sino-Soviet deal specific to Cambodia, and finally by the collapse of the Soviet Union, the settlement, concluded in 1991, resulted in a Vietnamese disengagement from Cambodia; the reduction of the Khmer Rogue to an eventually failed insurgency; a constitution and UN-administered elections; and a reasonably viable and independent Cambodia. It was probably the best ou