DHS_2008 Prelim - H2 _ H1 History Paper 1

DUNMAN HIGH SCHOOL Year 6 Preliminary Examination 2008 __________________________________________________________________________________ HISTORY 8814/01 9731/01 Paper 1 International History, 1945-2000 19 September 2008 3 hours Additional Materials: Answer Paper C o v e r P a g e __________________________________________________________________________________ READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. This document consists of 4 printed pages.

2 Section A UN AND PEACEKEEPING IN THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD 1 Read the sources, and then answer the question. Source A 12. The new breed of intra-stat e conflicts have certain characte ristics that present United Nations peace-keepers with challenges not encountered since the Cong o operation of the early 1960s. 44. In these circumstances, I have come to t he conclusion that the United Nations does need to give serious thought to the idea of a rapid reaction force. Such a force would be the Security Council's strategic reserve for deployment when there was an emergency need for peace- keeping troops.The value of this arrangement would of course depend on how far the Security Council could be sure that the force would actually be available in an emergency. This will be a complicated and expensive arrangement, but I believe that the time has come to undertake it. Boutros Boutros-Ghali in ‘A Supplement to an Agenda for Peace’, UN Report, 1995 Source B For the government of the Unit ed States the events in Somalia were a watershed in its policy towards UN peacekeeping. By May 1994, w hen the genocide in Rwanda began, President Clinton had enacted a directive which placed strict conditions on US support for United Nations peacekeeping. It has been stated repeatedly during the course of t he interviews conducted by the Inquiry that the fact that Rwanda was not of strategic importance to Third world countries and that the international community exercised double standards when faced with the risk of a catastrophe there compared to action taken elsewhere. ‘Independent Inquiry into the Actions of the UN during the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda’ commissioned by the UN in 2000 Source C It is already fourteen years si nce we witnessed the genocide in Rwanda, in which hundreds of thousands of people were hacked to death. But we can never for get – certainly I can never forget – how a UN peacekeeping force, which was neither mandated nor equipped to fight a war, found itself