JJC_H2 History Paper 2

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2008 HISTORY 9731/02 Paper 2: History of Southeast Asia c1900-1997 Wednesday 27th August 2008 3 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST 1. Answer four questions. 2. You must answer Question 1 (Section A), and any three questions from Section B. 3. Enter the questions attempted in the cover sheet. 4. Begin each question on a new sheet of paper. 5. Staple your answers to the back of the cover page at the end of the examination 6. Fasten all your work securely together. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES All questions in this paper carry equal marks. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. This question paper consists of 5 printed pages (including this page & 1 blank page) 1

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Section A You must answer Question 1 The Cambodian Conflict 1. Read the sources then answer the question. Source A In 1979 invading Vietnamese troops overthre w the murderous Pol Pot. The dispute involves a dizzyingly complex array of parties: the Soviets, the U.S., China, Thailand and ASEAN who were determined to keep Hanoi from overrunning th e region and to oust the invaders, even if that means risking a return of the Khmer Rouge killers. Suddenly, however, a rare convergence of interests among all parties has made the prospect of a political settlement appear. The new optimism has been triggered by a "peace blitz" in Asian capitals. In a startling turnaround from a policy of refusing to talk to Phnom Penh, the new Thai Prime Minister , Chatichai Choonhavan, invited Kampuchean Prime Minister Hun Sen for discussions in Bangkok, possibly to start as early as this week. "Before", says an ASEAN diplomat, "Thailand and ASEAN wouldn't have touched Hun Sen with a 10-ft. pole." Last week ASEAN foreign ministers met to lay the groundwork for another "informal meeting" in Jakarta that will bring together the Kampuchean government, some if not all of the rebel factions, China, Viet Nam and Tha iland. The object is to set up a formal peace parley aimed at devising a government power-sharing formula, nailing down a Vietnamese withdrawal timetable and establishing international monitoring of the peace. Scott MacLeod in 1989 Source B Right from the start, the conference faced one major handicap: the absence of the three parties. Boycotting the session were Viet Nam, which has occupied Cambodia for the past 30 months, and the Soviet Union, which had bankrolled the Vietnamese invasion. Cambodia, whose government was installed by Viet Nam, was not invited. Still, the U.S. and the five-country Associ ation of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)* hoped that the conference would provide w hat Washington termed a "framework for settlement". The proposal called for