NJC_International History Prelims 2008

NATIONAL JUNIOR COLLEGE General Certificate of Education Advanced Level PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2008 HISTORY 9731/01 Higher 2 Paper 1 International History, 1945-2000 20 August 2008 3 Hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and registration number in the space provided on the answer paper. Write in dark blue or black ink. Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. This question paper consists of 4 printed pages.

2 Section A You must answer Question 1. THE UN AND THE ROLE OF THE US IN PEACE ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS 1. Read the sources and then answer the question. Source A The Security Council Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations 1. Condemns all acts of violence in East Timor, calls for their immediate end and demands that those responsible for such acts be brought to justice; 2. Welcomes the offers by Member States to organize, lead and contribute to the multinational force in East Timor, calls on Member States to make further contributions of personnel, equipment and other resources and invites Member States in a position to contribute to inform the leadership of the multinational force and the Secretary-General; 3. Agrees that the multinational force should collectively be deployed in East Timor until replaced as soon as possible by a United Nations peacekeeping operation, and invites the Secretary-General to make prompt recommendations on a peacekeeping operation to the Security Council; 4. Decides to remain seized of the matter. UN Security Council Resolution 1264, 15 September 1999. Source B The French-led mission named Operation Turquoise was a mission conducted with the authorization of the Security Council although not under United Nations command. The Inquiry will limit its analysis of Operation Turquoise to those elements specifically relevant to its mandate: the role of the United Nations during the period until July 1994. Many of Inquiry's interlocutors have credited Operation Turquoise with saving a number of lives in a situation where few other initiatives were being taken to do so, although concerns were also expressed about a number of difficult issues of principle, i.e. with respect to the Operation's relationship to the United Nations. The decision to authorize the operation was not a unanimous one, and considerable concerns were voiced about the mission by those five members of the Council which abstained. However France was the only state with the military capability and the political wil