NYJC_2008 HIS H1 and H2_P1 Preliminary Exam

International History Na nyang Junior College Preliminary Examination 2008 Page 1 of 4 Preliminary Examination 2008 HISTORY H1 8814 HISTORY H2 9731 International History 1945 – 2000 DURATION 3 hours INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, Civics Tutorial group and in dex number in the spac es provided on the answer paper. Answer four (4) questions. Answer the Source-Based Question in Section A, and any three Essay Questions in Section B. Tie and submit all answers together. Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided. If you use more than one sheet of paper, fasten the sheets together. You are reminded to be punctilious in your us e of proper English, and veracious in the presentation of your answers. _____________________________________________________ This question paper consists of 4 printed pages

International History Na nyang Junior College Preliminary Examination 2008 Page 2 of 4 SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTION The question in this section is compulsory. THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE 1994 RWANDAN GENOCIDE 1. Read the sources and then answer the question. Source A The Rwandans who organised and executed the genocide must bear full responsibility for it. But genocide anywhere implicates everyone. To the extent that governments and peoples elsewhere failed to prevent and halt th is killing campaign, they all share in the shame of the crime. In addition, the UN staf f as well as the three foreign governments principally involved in Rwanda bear added responsibility: the UN staff for having failed to provide adequate information and guidance to members of the Security Council; Belgium, for having withdrawn its troops precipitately and for having championed total withdrawal of the UN force; the US for having put saving money ahead of saving lives and for slowing the sending of a relief force; and France, for having contin ued its support of a government engaged in genocide. In contrast to the in action of the major actors, some non-permanent members of the Security Counc il undertook to push for a UN fo rce to protect Tutsi from extermination. But all members of the Secu rity Council brought di scredit on the UN by permitting the representative of a genocidal government to continue sitting in the Security Council, a council supposedly committed to peace. From a 1999 report by Human Rights Watch, a global human rights organisation. Source B As the killing intensified, the international community deserted Rwanda. Western nations landed troops in Rwanda or Burundi in the first week to evacuate their citizens, did so, and left. The UN mission (UNAMIR), created in October 1993 to keep the peace and assist the governmental transition in Rwanda, sought to in tervene between the killers and civilians. It also tried to mediate between the RPF [Rwandan Patriotic Front] and the Rwandan army after the RPF struc