AJC_JC2 History Prelims P1 2008

ANDERSON JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2008 8814/9731(1): INTERNATIONAL HISTORY, 1945 – 2000 Duration: 3 hours 9 September 2008 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name and question numbers of the questions attempted on this cover page. Answer four questions. You must answer Question 1 (Section A) and three questions from Section B. Write your answers on the separate writing paper provided. Start each answer on a fresh piece of writing paper. Draw a right-hand margin on every page of your answer scripts. Detach this cover page and attach it on top of your answer scripts, upon completion. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES All questions in this paper carry equal marks. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. Question Number: Marks 1 /25 /25 /25 /25 Total Marks: /100 Name :__________________________________ PDG :__________________________________ This document consists of 4 printed pages.

2 Section A You must answer Question 1. THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE YOM KIPPUR WAR OF 1973 1 Read the sources and then answer the question. Source A The Security Council 1. Calls upon all parties to the present fighting to cease all firing and terminate all military activity immediately, no later than 12 hours after the moment of the adoption of this decision, in the positions they now occupy; 2. Calls upon the parties concerned to start immediately after the cease-fire the implementation of Security Council Resolution 242 (1967) in all of its parts; 3. Decides that, immediately and concurrently with the cease-fire, negotiations shall start between the parties concerned under appropriate auspices aimed at establishing a just and durable peace in the Middle East. UN Security Council Resolution 338, 22 October 1973. Source B Largely due to the efforts of the USSR, which was fearful of the possibility of a serious Egyptian defeat, the UN Security Council imposed a cease-fire effective 22 October. This cease-fire was soon violated, however, by both sides and a second and final cease-fire was established on 24 October. At the time of the ceasefire, Egyptian forces still occupied positions on the eastern side of the Canal…… Both the United States and the USSR were deeply committed to ending the conflict as soon as possible. Premier Kosygin of the USSR was in Egypt to argue personally for an end to hostilities as early as 16 October. Both superpowers feared the broadening of the conflict, an eventuality that might even involve them directly. Adapted from a report by GlobalSecurity.Org, an American security think-tank, 1989. Source C On 24 October, as fighting between Egypt and Israel reached a critical stage, the Security Council decided to set up a second United Nations Emergency Force UNEF II. The Force was immediately moved into place bet