TJC_HISTORY_H1_PRELIMS_2008

1 TEMASEK JUNIOR COLLEGE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2008. HISTORY 8814/ 9371/1 Paper 1:- International History, 1945 – 2000. 18th September 2008. 3 Hours. Additional Materials:- 1. Answer Paper 2. Cover Page. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST. 1. Write your Civics group, index number and name on all the work you hand in. 2. Write in dark blue or black pen. 3. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, music or rough working. 4. Do not use staples, paper clips highlighters, glue or correction fluid and tape. Answer Four Questions. You must answer Question 1 (Section A) and three questions from Section B. At the end of the examinations, fasten all your work securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. This document consists of 4 printed pages. Temasek Junior College 2008 [Turn over Temasek Junior College 2008 8814/9371/01/S/08 [Turn over

2 Section A You must answer Question 1 The United Nations and the International Court of Justice. Source A:- In most cases brought by a State unilaterally , the other state challenges the Court’s jurisdiction. In case of doubt or disagreem ent, it is the Court which decides on the matter. Whenever the Court has had to rule on such issues, it has declared itself competent in some 65 per cent of the cases. The ICJ:- Questions and Answers about the principle of judicial organ of the UN , May 2000 Source B :- The ICJ, or World Court, the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, is located in the Hague. Its enabling status allows it to hear disputes only when both parties agree to participate in the proceedings. States, aloe can be parties to a contentious proceeding, although authorized international organizations may refer legal questions to the ICJ for advisory opinions. Over the course of 1998 – 99, the ICJ has seen an crease in its workload. Accounting for this activity are several new cases as well as counterclaims, preliminary objections, and requests for provisional measures in pre- existing cases that creased “cases within cases.” A Global Agenda: Issues Before the 54 th General Assembly, 2000 Temasek Junior College 2008 8814/9371/01/S/08 [Turn over

3 Source C : Article 94 1. Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to comply with the decision of the International Court of Justice in any case to which it is a party. 2. If any party to a case fails to perform the obligations incumbent upon it under a judgment rendered by the Court, the other party may have recourse to the Security Council, which may, if it deems necessary, make recommendations or decide upon measures to be taken to give effect to the judgment. The United Nations Charter. Source D :- The international Court of Justice is still far from attaining a centralized judicial authority. Its compulsory ju risdiction has been recognized