HCI_H1_HIST_P1

HISTORY 8814/01 PAPER 1 International History c.1945-2000 16 September 2009 3.0 hours Additional Materials: Answer Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and CT on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer four questions. You must answer Question 1 (Section A) and any three questions from Section B. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. This document consists 4 printed pages. [Turn over 1 HWA CHONG INSTITUTION HWA CHONG INSTITUTION College 2 Preliminary Examination 2009 General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 1

Section A You must answer Question 1. The United Nations and International Terrorism 1 Read the sources and then answer the question. Source A The Security Council strongly deplores the fact the Libyan Government has not yet responded effectively to the above requests to cooperate fully in establishing responsibility for the terrorist acts against Pan Am Flight 103. The Security Council urges the Libyan government to provide a full and effective response to those requests so as to contribute to the elimination of international terrorism, and also urges all states individually and collectively to encourage the Libyan government to respond fully and effectively to these requests. An excerpt from the UN Security Council resolution 731 (1992). Source B The moderate, cooperative efforts of nations under the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) conventions and international law effectively reduced terrorist incidents after the early 1970s. International terrorism will probably exist as long as war does. However, the success of ICAO against skyjacking, and of the United Nations in negotiating the release of hostages from Lebanon and in mobilizing sanctions against Libyan terrorism shows what can be done under international law and the United Nations. An excerpt taken from an American academic text on the subject published in 1997. Source C Finally, Western nations, which are pertinent members in the UN, have generally not perceived international terrorism to be a highly significant threat. National measures have been fairly effective against internationally supported domestic terrorists, and to a somewhat lesser extent against international terrorists operating within Western borders. With some notable exceptions, most international terrorist acts committed in the West have been directed against non Western targets, inevitably attenuating the reaction of the Western nations concerned. An excerpt taken from an American academic text on the subject published in 1986. Source D During the 1980s, US officials hailed bin Laden a