MI 2009_H2_HIST_P2

Class Adm No Candidate Name: Preliminary Examination II 2009 Pre-university 3 HISTORY Higher 2 9731/2 Paper 2 History of Southeast Asia c1900-1997 Wednesday 23 September 2009 3 hours Additional materials: Answer paper INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, admission number and class in the spaces at the top of this page and on any separate answer paper used. Write your answers on the writing paper provided. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer FOUR questions. You must answer Question 1 (Section A) and any three questions from Section B. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. This question paper consists of 4 printed pages. [Turn over 1

SECTION A You must answer Question 1. The ‘ASEAN Way’ 1 Read the sources, and then answer the question. S o u r c e A The ASEAN Way is a realistically modest approach to dealing with intra-ASEAN relations. It recognizes what is possible to achieve between states. Through the practice of Musyawarah and Mufakat which provides advantages even to the poorer members, ASEAN does not allow disagreements in some areas to prevent cooperation in other. In these respects, it is a brilliant and productive approach to international relations; it is one of ASEAN’s genuine strengths. ‘Explaining ASEAN: Regionalism in Southeast Asia.’ by Shuan Narine, a historian, 2002. Source B A frequent criticism of the ARF is that the ASEAN Way was inappropriate for the heterogeneous ARF. Western socialized members of the forum are impatient with indirect discussions, the consensus principle and non-binding decisions lacking measures of verification and sanctions. They want a forum determined by strong legalization and quickly moving forward with preventive diplomacy and conflict resolution. An academic article on the relevance of the ASEAN Regional Forum for regional security in the Asia-Pacific, 2005 S o u r c e C Although much can be extolled about the attributes of ASEAN, there is one simple factor that merits more recognition, and that is ‘the ASEAN way’. This winning formula refers to the way ASEAN manages its affairs by practicing consensus, consultation, self-restraint, sensitivity, respect and many other positive ethnics inherent in ASEAN’s common eastern culture and traditions. This more than anything else has held ASEAN together and will continue to do so as long as we do not lose our sights or compromise our principles and traditions. This “ASEAN Way” is the vital ingredient for ASEAN cohesiveness, solidarity and independence. Speech by Mahathir Mohamad, ex-Prime Minister of Malayisa. 2

S o u r c e D After the Asian Financial Crisis, ASEAN me mbers can no longer afford to adopt a non-committal stance and avoid