CJC_H2_HIST_P2

2 CATHOLIC JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2009 9731/02 31 August 2009 HISTORY 3 hours Paper 2 : History of Southeast Asia c1900-1997 No additional materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and home tutorial group on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any three questions. Start each answer on a fresh sheet of paper. All questions in this paper carry equal marks.

3 SECTION A You must answer Question 1 ASEAN IN THE POST COLD WAR WORLD Source A ASEAN has outlived its usefulness. Hopes that ASEAN can promote harmony and stability in Asia are misplaced. The regional group’s members hip, history and principles are irreconcilable with the most important element in a chieving them – democratic principles. Moreover, the outlook for ASEAN and the ASEAN Regio nal Forum (ARF) is not promising. The ARF was founded to discuss security issues. How ever, it has too many partners with different interests: ARF’s progress is bound to be limited. China has also cultivated influence in ASEAN, especially among Myanmar, Cambo dia and Laos. ASEAN is an anachronistic regional institution that has failed to guarantee the region’s security and freedom. Asian Wall Street Journal, Aug 2001 Source B ASEAN has responded dynamically to the end of the C old War. Another achievement at Manila (Summit) was the initiative exercised by ASE AN to invite the Foreign Ministers of China and Russia to attend their meeting as guests. The two ministers made several positive and useful points in their discussion with their ASEAN counterparts. The Chinese Foreign Minister put forward a number of specific p roposals to strengthen ASEAN–China economic and political co-operation. These proposal s will be carefully considered by ASEAN. The consultative dialogue between ASEAN and these two major regional powers is intended to strengthen a process that builds con fidence, enhances co-operation and minimizes conflict. That ASEAN discussed regional security with its dia logue partners is a sign of the organisation’s maturity. It also shows that economics and security are linked. The security of Southeast Asia cannot be isolated from the secur ity of the larger Asia Pacific region. Countries outside Southeast Asia have legitimate in terests in the region, and with the demise of the Cold War, the regional security order is likely to evolve. “ASEAN charts a New Regional Order” (Asian Wall Street Journal, Aug 1992) In Tommy Koh, The Quest for World Order: Perspectives of a Pragmatic Idealist”

4 Source C The Asian economic crisis of 1997-98 had profound i mplications for Southeast Asian security. Most countries in the region have cut def ense budgets and postponed a