JJC H2 HIST P2

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2009 HISTORY 9731/02 Paper 2: History of Southeast Asia c1900-1997 [insert day] [insert date] 3 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST 1. Answer four questions. 2. You must answer Question 1 (Section A), and any three questions from Section B. 3. Enter the questions attempted in the cover sheet. 4. Begin each question on a new sheet of paper. 5. Staple your answers to the back of the cover page at the end of the examination 6. Fasten all your work securely together. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES All questions in this paper carry equal marks. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. This question paper consists of 5 printed pages (including this page & 1 blank page) 1

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Section A You must answ er Question 1 ASEAN- Vietnam Relations 1967-1990 1. Read the sources then answer the question. Source A ASEAN's charter declares that membership is open to all states in the region--a gesture toward Vietnam that Hanoi repeatedly rebuffed. Before Vietnam's invasion and occupation of Cambodia in December 1978, integration of the three Indochinese states and ASEAN into a larger regional organization was di scussed within the ASEAN community as a possible solution to regional problems. The proposal surfaced at an ASEAN summit meeting held in Bali in January 1976, when, following reunification, Vietnam requested observer status at ASEAN m eetings. It was understood at th e time, however, that the inclusion of communist st ates within a grouping of free-market countries was unprecedented, and the idea was interpreted to be more a goodwill gesture than a serious proposition. Extracted from a US based website Source B For over five years, the ASEA N states and the international community have called upon Vietnam to cease its military occupation of Kampuchea and to join in the search for a comprehensive political settlement of the Kampuchean problem. Vietnam remains obdurate. Joint Statement of the ASEAN Foreign Ministers on the Kampuchean Problem, 9 th July 1984 Source C ASEAN’s Cambodia policy is erected on three pillars. First in order to interest Vietnam in a political solution, we must prevent Vietnam from imposing a fait accompli. This is why ASEAN countries have supported nationalist fo rces which are fighting against the Vietnamese occupation of their country. The second pillar is to isolate Vietnam and thereby exert political, diplomatic and economic pressure on her to come to the negotiating t able. During the last five years, the ASEAN countries have succeeded in mobilizing world public opinion against Vietnam The third pillar is to offer Vietnam an honourable political soluti on which will restore Cambodia as a sovereign and independent country. ASEAN is willing to negotiate with Vietnam within as well as outside the United Nations so long as the two basic principles of the withdrawal of Vietnames e forces from Cambodia and self determination for the Cambodians are bases of the negotiation. From “ASEAN Diplomacy and the Cambodian Crisis” by Tommy Koh, 1998 3

Source D Hanoi radio reported on 13 April 1973 that North Vietnam had rejected an invitation from Thai gover nment, conveyed through the Indonesian Embassy in Hanoi to take part in forthcoming meetings of ASEAN Foreign Ministers. Why? Thai involvement in the Vietnam War and Thai government’s willingness to permit the existence of US military bases in Thailand Hanoi Radio, 16th April 1973 Source E After a process of consultation between A SEAN and Vietnam and a detailed preparation made by both parties, ASEAN has decided to organize a ceremony for Vietnam’s admission into ASEAN on the 28th Conference of the Fore ign Ministers of ASEAN countries this July in Brunei. This is an important event for both our country and the region. Now with Vietnam’s entry into ASEAN, a new chapter in Vietnam-ASEAN relation is opening up. With its entry into ASEAN, Vietnam will be able to cooperate more closely with the member countries of this or ganization and with the other Southe ast Asian countries in an effort to create a Southeast Asia region of peace, stability and prosperity in the 21st century. Interview with Deputy Foreign Minister Vu Khoan, 25th July 1995 Now answer the following question: How far do sources A-E support the view that ASEAN’s attempts to engage Vietnam were insincere and ineffective? 4

Section B You must answer three questions from this section. You must support each answer with examples drawn from at least three countries. 2. “The international community ’s concern over the fall of Southeast Asian into the hands of communist influence created an adv antageous situation for Southeast Asian nationalist movements in the period following World War II.” Assess the accuracy of this statement. 3. “The most radical nationalist move ments made the most progress towards independence in the pre war period.” How far do you agree? 4. How far do you agree that the causes for the financial turmoil of 1997 were mainly external? 5. “It was more important for independent S outheast Asian governments to resolve the challenges of economic development than political or social stability.” To extent do you agree with this statement? 6. Critically examine whether regional organisations were successful in Southeast Asia, in the period between 1945 and 1997. 5

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