YJC H2 HISTORY P1

1 YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 Preliminary Examination 2017 H2 HISTORY 9752/01 SHAPING THE INTERNATIONAL ORDER 25/08/2017 PAPER 1 FRIDAY 0800h – 1100h Additional materials: 1 piece of cover page Writing paper TIME 3 hours INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name and CTG in the spaces provided on the cover page. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer two questions. At the end of the examination, please hand in your answers for Paper 1 with the cover page placed on top of the answer scripts. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. . INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers. This paper consists of 5 printed pages

2 Section A You must answer question 1. THE ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR 1. Read the sources and then answer the questions which follow. Source A A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately lighted by the Allied victory. Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its Communist international organization intends to do in the immediate future, or what are the limits, if any, to their expansive and proselytizing tendencies. From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest, and Sofia, all these famous cities and the population around them lie in what I might call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and increasing measure of control from Moscow. This is certainly not the Liberated Europe we fought to build up. Nor is it one which contains the essentials of permanent peace. Adapted from Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” Speech, 5 March 1946. Source B Question: How do you assess that part of Mr Churchill’s speech in which he attacks the democratic regime of the European countries which are our neighbours and in which he criticizes the good neighbourly relations established between these countries and the Soviet Union? Answer: This part of Mr Churchill’s speech is a mixture of the elements of the libel with the elements of rudeness and lack of tact. Mr Churchill maintains that Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest, and Sofia, all these famous cities and the population of those areas, are within the Soviet sphere and are all subjected to Soviet influence and to the increasing control of Moscow. Mr Churchill qualifies this as the “boundless expansionist tendencies of the Soviet Union.” It requires no special effort to show that Mr Churchill rudely and shamelessly libels not only Moscow but also the above-mentioned States neighbourly to the USSR. It may be that some quarters are trying to push into oblivion these sacrifices of the Soviet people which insured the liberation of Europe from the Hitlerite yoke. But the Soviet Union cannot forget them. One can ask, therefore, what can be surprising in the fact that the Soviet Union in a desire to ensure its security for the future, tries to achieve that these countries should have governments whose relations to the Soviet Union are loyal? How can one, without having lost one’s reason, qualify these peaceful aspirations of the Soviet Union as “expansionist tendencies” of our Government? . Excerpts from the Soviet newspaper, Pravda’s Interview with Stalin, 14 March 1946.

3 Source C The gravity of the situation which confronts the world today necessitates my appearance before a joint session of the Congress. The foreign policy and national security of this country are involved. The peoples of a number of countries of the world have recently had totalitarian regimes forced upon them against their will. The Government of the United States has made frequent protests against coercion and intimidation in violation of the Yalta agreement in Poland, Rumania, and Bulgaria. I must also state that in a number of other countries there have been similar developments. At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is too often not a free one. One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free instituti ons, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms. The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife…The free peoples of the world look to us for support in maintaining their freedoms. President Truman in a speech before Congress, 12 March 1947. Source D The choice was between watching the Soviet tide roll over most of the world and taking prudent measures to stop it at once. America’s security was at stake. The Truman Doctrine was a response to a perceived threat of Soviet expansion in Europe and the Middle East. It was also, of course, the American declaration of Cold War. Truman had bided his time while Stalin and Churchill traded jibes in 1946, but now he would wait no longer. The German question still defied solution; the Eastern European nations were clearly within the Soviet orbit; the Northern Tier, despite Anglo-American diplomatic victories in Iran and the Dardanelles, was still threatened. It was time to block the Communists and defend the West. Those kinds of decisions came easily to Harry Truman. Judge, E and Langdon, J, (ed), The Cold War, 2011. Source E There isn’t a doubt in my mind that Russia intends an invasion of Turkey and the seizure of the Black Sea Straits to the Mediterranean. Unless Russia is faced with an iron fist and strong language another war is in the making. Only one language do they understand–“How many divisions have you?” I do not think